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Parental fear of crime in Housing Areas in the City Center: Example of Küçük Ayasofya

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 11, 91 - 114, 20.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.335657

Abstract

Growing up in urban spaces brings many challenges for the child. As the
consequences of rapid urbanization are reflected negatively in the urban space,
the child is deprived of the possibilities offered to him by the physical
environment and his social, cultural and mental development are affected
negatively. Children who live in housing areas of the city center are also
affected more negatively. Children living in these areas that are functionally
and socially transformed into a heterogeneous structure do not have the freedom
to act independently because of parents' fear of traffic as well as fear of
crime. This fear of crime is a fact which has a considerable impact of the
daily lives of urban dwellers directly or indirectly by preventing urban open
spaces such as public parks, squares, plazas, streets being used; causing
routes preferred to travel between working places and dwelling places to
change; and causing roads and streets chosen for commerce to be altered.
Independent mobility of the child can be defined as the freedom to move around
and move in the neighborhood or city where the child lives without adult
supervision. The ability of the child to act independently has a positive
influence on the development of the child and is expressed as the essential
requirement for the child's personal development. In this study, it is aimed to
determine the relationship between the parents' fear of crime and the
independence of the child in the housing areas of the city center. The method
of the study consists of a field study and survey research. The study area is
Küçük Ayasofya Neighborhood, which is a historic city center that has undergone
rapid urbanization and where the residential areas have been currently
undergoing a functional and social change.

References

  • Dolu, O., Uludağ, Ş., Doğutaş, C. (2010 ). Suç Korkusu: Nedenleri, Sonuçları ve Güvenlik Politikaları. A.Ü. Siyasal Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 65 (1), 57–81. Ergun, N. and Dundar, D. (2004). Functional Changes as an Indicator of Transformation Near The Old City Centre of Istanbul, European Planning Studies, 12(5),723-738.
  • Ferraro, Kenneth F. (1995). Fear of Crime: Interpreting Victimization Risk. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Gaster, S. (1992). Historical Changes in Children’s Access to Us Cities: A Critical Review. Children’s Environments, 9(2), 23–36.
  • Heurlin-Norinder, M. (1996). Children, Environment and Independent Mobility. Paper presented at IAPS 14, Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Hillman, M., Adams, J., Whitelegg, J. (1990). One False Move, A Study of Children’s Independent Mobility. London: Policy Studies Institute.
  • Hillman, M. (1999). The Impact of Transport Policy on Children's Development. Paper presented at the Canterbury Safe Routes to Schools Project Seminar, Canterbury Christ Church University College, 29 May 1999. Accessed 29 March 2010, from http://www.spokeseastkent.org.uk/mayer.php.
  • Huttenmoser M. and Degen-Zimmerman, D. (1995). Lebensraume fur Kinder, Empirische Untersuchungen zur Bedeutung des Wohnumfeldes fur den Alltag und die Entwicklung der Kinder, Bericht 70 desNational Forschungsprogram Stadt und Verkehr(Room for Children: Empirical Research into the Influence of the Daily Environment for Children’s Development, National research Program for City and Transport), Zurich.
  • İBB, (2008). İstanbul İli’ne Ait Fotogrametrik Yöntemle Üretilen 1/1000 Ölçekli Sayısal Halihazır Haritalar. Harita Müdürlüğü: İstanbul.
  • Kytta, M. (2004). The Extent of Children’s Independent Mobility and the Number of Actualized Affordances as Criteria For Child-Friendly Environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24 (2004), 179–198.
  • Leden, L.,Per Gårder, P., Schirokoff, A., Monterde-i-Bort, H., Johansson, C., Basbas,S. (2014). A Sustainable City Environment Through Child Safety and Mobility—A Challenge Based on ITS? Accident Analysis & Prevention, 62, 406-414.
  • Malone, K. (2007). The Bubble-Wrap Generation: Children Growing up in Walled Gardens. Environmental Education Research, 13 (4): 513–527.
  • Norinder, M. H. (1996). Children, Environment and Independent Mobility. In Evolving Environmental Ideals - Changing Way of Life, Values and Design Practices, IAPS 14 Conference Proceedings, 314-323. IAPS. Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology.
  • Nansen, B., Gibbs, L., MacDougall, C., Vetere, F., Ross, N. J. & J McKendrick, J. (2015). Children's Interdependent Mobility: Compositions, Collaborations and Compromises. Children's Geographies, 13(4), 467-481, Doi: 10.1080/14733285.2014.887813.
  • O’Brien, M., Jones, D., & Sloan, D. (2000). Children’s Independent Spatial Mobility in the Urban Public Realm. Childhood, 7(3), 257–277.
  • Ross, N. J. (2007). My Journey to School…: Foregrounding the Meaning of School Journeys and Children’s Engagements and Interactions in Their Everyday Localities. Children’s Geographies, 5(4), 373–391.
  • Rivkin, M. (1997). The Schoolyard Habitat Movement: What it is and Why Children Need it, Early Childhood Education Journal, (25)1, 61-66.
  • Shaw, B., Watson, B., Frauendienst, B., Andreas Redecker, A., Tim, J.,Hillman, M.(2013). Children’s Independent Mobility: A Comparative Study in England and Germany (1971-2010), The Policy Studies Institute, London.
  • Skelton, T. (2009) Children's Geographies/Geographies of Children: Play, Work, Mobilities and Migration. Geography Compass, 3(4),1430 -1448.
  • Stokes, M., A. (2009). Stranger Danger: Child Protection and Parental Fears in the Risk Society. Amsterdam Social Science, 1(3), 6-24.
  • Tandoğan, O. (2011). Çocuk Dostu Çevre İçin Kentsel Mekana İlişkin Tasarım ve Planlama İlkelerinin Oluşturulması (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). İstanbul: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Tandy, C. A. (1999). Children’s Diminishing Play Space: A Study of Intergenerational Change in Children’s Use of Their Neighborhoods. Australian Geographical Studies, 37(2), 154–164.
  • Tranter, P. (1993). Children’s Mobility in Canberra: Confinement or Independence? Monograph series No. 7, Department of Geography and Oceanography. University College, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra.
  • Tranter, P. and Doyle, J. (1996). Reclaiming the Residential Street as Playspace. International Play Journal, 4, 81-97. Tranter, P., and Whitelegg, J. (1994). Children's Travel Behaviours in Canberra:Car‐Dependent Lifestyles in a Low‐density City. Journal of Transport Geography, 2(4), 265‐27.
  • Tudor-Locke, C., Ainsworth, B., & Popkin, B. (2001). Active Commuting to School: An Overlooked Source of Children’s Physical Activity? Sports Medicine, 31(5), 309-313.
  • Tuik (2016). MEDAS Merkezi Dağıtım Sistemi. Türkiye, Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016, http://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=98&locale=tr.
  • Valentine, G. and J Mckendrick, J. (1997). Children’s Outdoor Play: Exploring Parental Concerns About Children’s Safety and The Changing Nature of Childhood, Geoforum, 28( 2), 219–235.
  • Zomervrucht,J. (2005). Inviting Streets for Children, Some Lessons and Results of the Childstreet 2005 Conference in Delft, Huizen, The Netherlands, Veilig Verkeer Nederland. Retrieved July 08, 2007, from from http://www.urban.nl/childstreet2005/downloads/Stutgart/zomwevrucht_paper_stuttgart.pdf
  • Zubrick, S., Wood, L., Villanueva, K., Wood, G., Giles-Corti, B., Christian, H. (2010). Nothing But Fear Itself, Parental Fear as a Determinant Impacting on Child Physical Activity and Independent Mobility, Victorian Health Promotion Foundation.

Kent Merkezindeki Konut Alanlarında Ebeveynlerin Suç Korkusu: Küçük Ayasofya Örneği

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 11, 91 - 114, 20.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.335657

Abstract

Kentsel mekânlarda büyümek çocuk için birçok zorluğu
beraberinde getirmektedir. Hızlı kentleşmenin getirdiği sonuçlar kentsel mekâna
olumsuz olarak yansımakta, çocuk fiziksel çevrenin kendine sunduğu olanaklardan
mahrum kalmakta, sosyal, kültürel, zihinsel gelişimleri olumsuz yönde
etkilenmektedir. Kent merkezindeki konut alanlarında yaşayan çocuklar bu
durumdan daha olumsuz olarak da etkilenmektedir. Fonksiyonel ve sosyal olarak
bir değişim içinde olan ve heterojen bir yapıya dönüşen bu alanlarda yaşayan
çocuklar, ebeveynlerin trafikten kaynaklanan endişeleri yanında suç korkusu nedeniyle
bağımsız hareket hakkına sahip değildir. Kentlerde yaşanan suç korkusu,
kentlilerin günlük yaşamını önemli ölçüde etkilemekte, park, meydan gibi bazı
kentsel mekânların kullanılmamasına, ev-iş arası seyahatlerde tercih edilen
güzergâhın ya da ticaret amacıyla seçilen cadde ve sokakların değişmesine ve
ticari girişimcilerin bu nedenle zarar görmesine dayalı birçok doğrudan ve
dolaylı olumsuz gelişmelere neden olan bir olgudur.  Çocuğun bağımsız hareket edebilirliği ise
çocuğun içinde yaşadığı mahallesi ya da kentinde yetişkin gözetimi olmaksızın
dolaşabilme, hareket edebilme özgürlüğü olarak tanımlanabilir. Çocuğun bağımsız
hareket edebilmesi çocuğun gelişiminde pozitif bir etkiye sahiptir ve çocuğun
kişisel gelişimi için temel zorunluluk olarak ifade edilir. Bu çalışma ile kent
merkezindeki yer alan konut alanlarında ebeveynlerin suç korkusu ile çocuğun
bağımsız hareket edebilirliği arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi
hedeflenmektedir. Çalışmanın yöntemi alan çalışmasıyla tarama araştırmasından
oluşmaktadır. Çalışma alanı kentleşmenin getirdiği sorunları belirgin bir
şekilde yaşayan ve şu an konut alanlarının fonksiyonel ve sosyal bir değişim
içinde olduğu tarihi bir kent merkezi olan ve Tarihi Yarımada’da bulunan Küçük
Ayasofya Mahallesi’dir.

References

  • Dolu, O., Uludağ, Ş., Doğutaş, C. (2010 ). Suç Korkusu: Nedenleri, Sonuçları ve Güvenlik Politikaları. A.Ü. Siyasal Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 65 (1), 57–81. Ergun, N. and Dundar, D. (2004). Functional Changes as an Indicator of Transformation Near The Old City Centre of Istanbul, European Planning Studies, 12(5),723-738.
  • Ferraro, Kenneth F. (1995). Fear of Crime: Interpreting Victimization Risk. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Gaster, S. (1992). Historical Changes in Children’s Access to Us Cities: A Critical Review. Children’s Environments, 9(2), 23–36.
  • Heurlin-Norinder, M. (1996). Children, Environment and Independent Mobility. Paper presented at IAPS 14, Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Hillman, M., Adams, J., Whitelegg, J. (1990). One False Move, A Study of Children’s Independent Mobility. London: Policy Studies Institute.
  • Hillman, M. (1999). The Impact of Transport Policy on Children's Development. Paper presented at the Canterbury Safe Routes to Schools Project Seminar, Canterbury Christ Church University College, 29 May 1999. Accessed 29 March 2010, from http://www.spokeseastkent.org.uk/mayer.php.
  • Huttenmoser M. and Degen-Zimmerman, D. (1995). Lebensraume fur Kinder, Empirische Untersuchungen zur Bedeutung des Wohnumfeldes fur den Alltag und die Entwicklung der Kinder, Bericht 70 desNational Forschungsprogram Stadt und Verkehr(Room for Children: Empirical Research into the Influence of the Daily Environment for Children’s Development, National research Program for City and Transport), Zurich.
  • İBB, (2008). İstanbul İli’ne Ait Fotogrametrik Yöntemle Üretilen 1/1000 Ölçekli Sayısal Halihazır Haritalar. Harita Müdürlüğü: İstanbul.
  • Kytta, M. (2004). The Extent of Children’s Independent Mobility and the Number of Actualized Affordances as Criteria For Child-Friendly Environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24 (2004), 179–198.
  • Leden, L.,Per Gårder, P., Schirokoff, A., Monterde-i-Bort, H., Johansson, C., Basbas,S. (2014). A Sustainable City Environment Through Child Safety and Mobility—A Challenge Based on ITS? Accident Analysis & Prevention, 62, 406-414.
  • Malone, K. (2007). The Bubble-Wrap Generation: Children Growing up in Walled Gardens. Environmental Education Research, 13 (4): 513–527.
  • Norinder, M. H. (1996). Children, Environment and Independent Mobility. In Evolving Environmental Ideals - Changing Way of Life, Values and Design Practices, IAPS 14 Conference Proceedings, 314-323. IAPS. Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology.
  • Nansen, B., Gibbs, L., MacDougall, C., Vetere, F., Ross, N. J. & J McKendrick, J. (2015). Children's Interdependent Mobility: Compositions, Collaborations and Compromises. Children's Geographies, 13(4), 467-481, Doi: 10.1080/14733285.2014.887813.
  • O’Brien, M., Jones, D., & Sloan, D. (2000). Children’s Independent Spatial Mobility in the Urban Public Realm. Childhood, 7(3), 257–277.
  • Ross, N. J. (2007). My Journey to School…: Foregrounding the Meaning of School Journeys and Children’s Engagements and Interactions in Their Everyday Localities. Children’s Geographies, 5(4), 373–391.
  • Rivkin, M. (1997). The Schoolyard Habitat Movement: What it is and Why Children Need it, Early Childhood Education Journal, (25)1, 61-66.
  • Shaw, B., Watson, B., Frauendienst, B., Andreas Redecker, A., Tim, J.,Hillman, M.(2013). Children’s Independent Mobility: A Comparative Study in England and Germany (1971-2010), The Policy Studies Institute, London.
  • Skelton, T. (2009) Children's Geographies/Geographies of Children: Play, Work, Mobilities and Migration. Geography Compass, 3(4),1430 -1448.
  • Stokes, M., A. (2009). Stranger Danger: Child Protection and Parental Fears in the Risk Society. Amsterdam Social Science, 1(3), 6-24.
  • Tandoğan, O. (2011). Çocuk Dostu Çevre İçin Kentsel Mekana İlişkin Tasarım ve Planlama İlkelerinin Oluşturulması (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). İstanbul: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Tandy, C. A. (1999). Children’s Diminishing Play Space: A Study of Intergenerational Change in Children’s Use of Their Neighborhoods. Australian Geographical Studies, 37(2), 154–164.
  • Tranter, P. (1993). Children’s Mobility in Canberra: Confinement or Independence? Monograph series No. 7, Department of Geography and Oceanography. University College, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra.
  • Tranter, P. and Doyle, J. (1996). Reclaiming the Residential Street as Playspace. International Play Journal, 4, 81-97. Tranter, P., and Whitelegg, J. (1994). Children's Travel Behaviours in Canberra:Car‐Dependent Lifestyles in a Low‐density City. Journal of Transport Geography, 2(4), 265‐27.
  • Tudor-Locke, C., Ainsworth, B., & Popkin, B. (2001). Active Commuting to School: An Overlooked Source of Children’s Physical Activity? Sports Medicine, 31(5), 309-313.
  • Tuik (2016). MEDAS Merkezi Dağıtım Sistemi. Türkiye, Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016, http://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=98&locale=tr.
  • Valentine, G. and J Mckendrick, J. (1997). Children’s Outdoor Play: Exploring Parental Concerns About Children’s Safety and The Changing Nature of Childhood, Geoforum, 28( 2), 219–235.
  • Zomervrucht,J. (2005). Inviting Streets for Children, Some Lessons and Results of the Childstreet 2005 Conference in Delft, Huizen, The Netherlands, Veilig Verkeer Nederland. Retrieved July 08, 2007, from from http://www.urban.nl/childstreet2005/downloads/Stutgart/zomwevrucht_paper_stuttgart.pdf
  • Zubrick, S., Wood, L., Villanueva, K., Wood, G., Giles-Corti, B., Christian, H. (2010). Nothing But Fear Itself, Parental Fear as a Determinant Impacting on Child Physical Activity and Independent Mobility, Victorian Health Promotion Foundation.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Tüm Sayı
Authors

Okşan Tandoğan

Publication Date April 20, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 6 Issue: 11

Cite

APA Tandoğan, O. (2018). Kent Merkezindeki Konut Alanlarında Ebeveynlerin Suç Korkusu: Küçük Ayasofya Örneği. HUMANITAS - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(11), 91-114. https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.335657