Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

A Critical Examination of the Ontology of Economic Models Based on the The Case of Austria Business Cycle Model

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 813 - 826, 31.07.2023

Ahmet Dinçer Çevik

https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1214176

Öz

Although economic models are the most important part of the economic practice, studies on the ontology of them seem to be rather limited. There are two main approaches regarding the ontology of economic models. According to fictionalism, the relationship between economic models and the real world is limited as they are parallel worlds that are constructed for the modeller herself. According to isolationism, economic models are similar to real experiments, they are meant to isolate causal factors and mechanisms that are responsible for the occurrence of the economic phenomena. First in the economic practice how economic models are understood is represented. Then, fictionalist and isolationist approaches are critically examined. Lastly, by means of a case study, it is argued that ontology of economic models should not necessarily be taken in the context of the dichotomic treatment of models as isolations and constructions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Economic Models Ontology Isolationism Fictionalism Austrian Business Cycle Model.

Kaynakça

  • Akerlof, G. A. (1970), The Market for "Lemons,” Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 84, No. 3, s. 488-500.
  • Banerjee, A. V. (1992), A simple model for herd behavior. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(3), s. 797- 817.
  • Begg, D. & Vernasca, G., Fischer, S. & DornBusch, R. (2011), Economics, 10th Edition. McGraw-Hill.
  • Birchler, U., Butler, M. (2007), Information Economics. New‐York.
  • Bird, A. and Tobin, E. (2022), “Natural Kinds.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/natural-kinds/>. Erişim Tarihi: 14.09.2022.
  • Boland, L. A. (1979), A Critique of Friedman's Critics. Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 17, No. 2, s. 503-522.
  • Boland, L. A. (1989), The Methodology of Economic Model Building, London and New York: Routledge,
  • Boumans, M. & Morgan, M.S. (2001), Ceteris paribus conditions: Materiality and the application of economic theories. Journal of Economic Methodology, 8 (1), s. 11-26.
  • Callender, C. and J. Cohen (2006), There is no special problem about scientific representation. Theoria 21 (1), s. 67–85.
  • Cartwright, N. (1989), Nature’s Capacities and Their Measurement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Cartwright, N. (1999), The Dappled World. A Study of the Boundaries of Science. Cambridge University Press.
  • Cartwright, N. (2009), If No Capacities Then No Credible Worlds.But Can Models Reveal Capacities?, Erkenntnis 70 (1), s. 45-58
  • Cartwright, N. (2010), Models: Parables v Fables. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 262, s. 19–31.
  • Casini, L. (2014), Not-so-minimal models. Between isolation and imagination. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 44, s. 646-672.
  • Çevik, A. D. (2022), Bilimsel İdealizasyonlar. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities XII, s. 11-23.
  • French, S. (2010). Keeping quiet on the ontology of models. Synthese 172 (2), s. 231–249.
  • French, S. (2017). Identity conditions, idealisations and isomorphisms: a defence of the Semantic Approach. Synthese 198, s. 5897–5917.
  • Fumagalli, R. (2015), No Learning From Minimal Models. Philosophy of Science, 82 (5), s. 798-809.
  • Fumagalli, R. (2016), Why We Cannot Lean From Minimal Models. Erkenntnis, 81 (3), s. 433-455.
  • Frigg, R. (2010), Models and fiction. Synthese 172 (2), s. 251–268.
  • Garrison, R. W. (2001), Time and Money. New York: Routledge.
  • Gibbard, A. and R. Varian, H. R. (1978), Economic Models. The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 75, No.11 s. 664-677.
  • Godfrey-Smith, P. (2006), The strategy of model-based science. Biology & Philosophy 21 (5), s. 725–740.
  • Göcen, S. (2019), Avusturya İş Çevrimleri Teorisi Çerçevesinde Global Faiz Oranlarının Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerdeki İş Çevrimlerine Etkisi: Panel VAR Uygulaması. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10 (2), s. 439-451.
  • Giere, R. (1988), Explaining Science: A cognitive approach. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Grüne-Yanoff, T. (2009a). Learning from Minimal Economic Models. Erkenntnis 70 (1), s. 81-99.
  • Grüne-Yanoff T. (2009b), Preface to “Economic Models as Credible Worlds or as Isolating Tools?”. Erkenntnis, 70, s. 1-2
  • Grüne-Yanoff, T. (2011), Isolation is not Characteristic of Models. International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 25, s. 1-19.
  • Hands, D.W. (2016), Derivational robustness, credible substitute systems and mathematical economic models: the case of stability analysis in Walrasian general equilibrium theory. Euro Jnl Phil Sci 6, s.31–53.
  • Hausmann, D. (1992), The Inexact and Seperate Science of Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Huene, P. H. (2017), Credible Worlds? Sugden on Economic Models. https://www.academia.edu/34984776/Credible_Worlds_Sugden_on_Economic_Models. Erişim Tarihi: 16.09.2022
  • Knuuttila, T. (2009), Isolating Representations versus Credible Construction? Economic Modeling in Theory and Practice. Erkenntnis 70 (1), s. 59-80.
  • Lawson, T. (1997), Economics and Reality. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Lawson, T. (2003), Reorienting Economics. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Lawson, T. (2009), The Current Economic Crisis: Its Nature and the Course of Academic Economics. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33, s. 759-777.
  • Macho-Stadler, I., Pérez Castrillo, J.D. (2001), An Introduction to the Economics of Information: Incentives and Contracts. 2th Edition. Oxford.
  • Mäki, U. (2004), Theoretical Isolation and Explanatory Progress: Transaction Cost Economics and the Dynamics of Dispute. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 28 (3), s. 319-346.
  • Mäki, U. (2009a), Models and Truth: The Functional Decomposition Approach, (Eds: M. Suarez, Mauro Dorato, and Miklos Redei), EPSA Epistemology and Methodology of Science: Launch of the European Philosophy of Science Association, s. 117-140, Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Mäki, U. (2011), Models and the Locus of their Truth. Synthese, Volume 180, s. 47–63;
  • Mäki, U.(2009b), MISSing the world: Models as Isolations and Credible Surrogate Systems. Erkenntnis 70 (1), s. 29-43.
  • Mises, L. V. (1953), The Theory of Money and Credit. Indiana: Liberty Fund Inc.
  • Morgan, M. S., Morrison, M. (1999), Models as Mediators: Perspectives on Natural and Social Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nelson, A. (1990). Are Economic Kinds Natural, (Ed. C. Wade Savage), Scientific Theories, s. 14-92, University of Minnesota Press.
  • Psillos, S. (2011), Living with the abstract: realism and models. Synthese 180 (1), s. 3–17.
  • Reiss, J. (2012), Idealization and the aims of economics: Three cheers for instrumentalism. Economics and Philosophy. 28 (3), s. 363-383.
  • Reiss, J. (2013), Introduction to Economics. New York: Routledge.
  • Robert, M. & Lukasz Hardt, L. (2020), Economic Modelling- Beyond Isolation and Construction: The Case of Austrian Business Cycle Theory as Presented by Roger Garrison. Acta Oeconomica, Akadémiai Kiadó, Hungary, vol. 70(2), s. 251-273.
  • Rodrik, D. (2015), Economics Rules. Oxford University Press.
  • Ross, D. (1989), Realism and Instrumentalism in the Development of Econometrics.Oxford Economic Papers New Series, Vol. 41, No. 1, History and Methodology of Econometrics, s. 236-258
  • Ross, D. (2008), Ontic Structural Realism and Economics, (Eds.C. Bicchieri, J. Alexander), Proceedings of the 2006 Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science AssociationPart II: Symposia Papers, s. 732-743.
  • Samuelson P. A., Nordhaus W. (2010), Economics. 19th edn. McGraw-Hill.
  • Schelling, T. C. (1971), Dynamic models of segregation. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology1 (2), s. 143–186.
  • Scmidt, P. C. (2008), Cartwright and Mill on Tendencies and Capacities, (Eds. L. Bovens, C. Hoefer & S. Hartmann), Nancy Cartwright’s Philosophy of Science, s. 291-302, New York: Routledge.
  • Suarez, M. (2004). An inferential conception of scientific representation. Philosophy of Science 71 (5), s. 767–779.
  • Sugden, R. (2000), Credible Worlds: the Status of Theoretical Models in Economics. Journal of Economic Methodology 7 (1), s. 1-31.
  • Sugden, R. (2002), Credible worlds: The status of theoretical models in economics, (Ed. U. Mäki), Fact and Fiction in Economics: Models, Realism and Social Construction, s.107-136, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sugden, R. (2009), Credible Worlds, Capacities and Mechanisms. Erkenntnis Vol. 70, No. (1), s. 3-27.
  • Toon, A. (2010), The ontology of theoretical modelling: Models as makebelieve. Synthese 172 (2), s. 301–315.
  • Toon, A. (2012), Models as Make-Believe: Imagination, Fiction and Scientific Representation. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • van Fraassen, B. C. (1980), The Scientific Image. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Yasemin, B. (2021), Yatırım Kararlarının Alınmasında Sürü Davranışı: Literatür Taraması. Journal of Economics and Financial Researches, 3(2), s. 129-141.

Avusturya İş Çevrim Modelinden Hareketle Ekonomik Modellerin Ontolojisi Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 813 - 826, 31.07.2023

Ahmet Dinçer Çevik

https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1214176

Öz

Ekonomik modellerin ekonomi pratiğinin işleyişinin en önemli bileşenleri olduğu halde bu yapıların ontolojik statüsü ile ilgili çalışmalar sınırlı kalmıştır. Ekonomik modellerin ontolojisi ile ilgili temel olarak iki yaklaşımdan söz edilebilir. Kurgucu yaklaşıma göre ekonomik modeller gerçek dünya ile ilgisi sınırlı olan, modelleyenlerin kendileri için kurguladıkları düşünsel, paralel dünyalardır. İzolasyoncu yaklaşıma göre ekonomik modeller, ekonomik fenomenin ortaya çıkmasına neden olan temel nedenleri ya da nedensel mekanizmaları izole etmeye yarayan, gerçek deneylere benzeyen yapılardır. Bu makalede öncelikle ekonomik modellerin ekonomi pratiği bağlamında nasıl değerlendirildiği ele alınmaktadır. Ardından ekonomik modellerin ontolojisi ile ilgili temel iki yaklaşım olan kurgucu ve izolasyoncu yaklaşımların çerçeveleri eleştirel bir yaklaşımla çizilmektedir. Son olarak ekonomik modellerin zorunlulukla kurgucu ya da izolasyoncu ikiliği temelinde ele alınmaması gerektiği bir durum çalışması aracılığı ile iddia edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ekonomik Modeller Ontoloji İzolasyoncu Yaklaşım Kurgucu Yaklaşım Avusturya İş Çevrim Modeli. Economic Models Ontology Isolationism Fictionalism Austrian Business Cycle Model.

Kaynakça

  • Akerlof, G. A. (1970), The Market for "Lemons,” Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 84, No. 3, s. 488-500.
  • Banerjee, A. V. (1992), A simple model for herd behavior. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(3), s. 797- 817.
  • Begg, D. & Vernasca, G., Fischer, S. & DornBusch, R. (2011), Economics, 10th Edition. McGraw-Hill.
  • Birchler, U., Butler, M. (2007), Information Economics. New‐York.
  • Bird, A. and Tobin, E. (2022), “Natural Kinds.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/natural-kinds/>. Erişim Tarihi: 14.09.2022.
  • Boland, L. A. (1979), A Critique of Friedman's Critics. Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 17, No. 2, s. 503-522.
  • Boland, L. A. (1989), The Methodology of Economic Model Building, London and New York: Routledge,
  • Boumans, M. & Morgan, M.S. (2001), Ceteris paribus conditions: Materiality and the application of economic theories. Journal of Economic Methodology, 8 (1), s. 11-26.
  • Callender, C. and J. Cohen (2006), There is no special problem about scientific representation. Theoria 21 (1), s. 67–85.
  • Cartwright, N. (1989), Nature’s Capacities and Their Measurement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Cartwright, N. (1999), The Dappled World. A Study of the Boundaries of Science. Cambridge University Press.
  • Cartwright, N. (2009), If No Capacities Then No Credible Worlds.But Can Models Reveal Capacities?, Erkenntnis 70 (1), s. 45-58
  • Cartwright, N. (2010), Models: Parables v Fables. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 262, s. 19–31.
  • Casini, L. (2014), Not-so-minimal models. Between isolation and imagination. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 44, s. 646-672.
  • Çevik, A. D. (2022), Bilimsel İdealizasyonlar. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities XII, s. 11-23.
  • French, S. (2010). Keeping quiet on the ontology of models. Synthese 172 (2), s. 231–249.
  • French, S. (2017). Identity conditions, idealisations and isomorphisms: a defence of the Semantic Approach. Synthese 198, s. 5897–5917.
  • Fumagalli, R. (2015), No Learning From Minimal Models. Philosophy of Science, 82 (5), s. 798-809.
  • Fumagalli, R. (2016), Why We Cannot Lean From Minimal Models. Erkenntnis, 81 (3), s. 433-455.
  • Frigg, R. (2010), Models and fiction. Synthese 172 (2), s. 251–268.
  • Garrison, R. W. (2001), Time and Money. New York: Routledge.
  • Gibbard, A. and R. Varian, H. R. (1978), Economic Models. The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 75, No.11 s. 664-677.
  • Godfrey-Smith, P. (2006), The strategy of model-based science. Biology & Philosophy 21 (5), s. 725–740.
  • Göcen, S. (2019), Avusturya İş Çevrimleri Teorisi Çerçevesinde Global Faiz Oranlarının Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerdeki İş Çevrimlerine Etkisi: Panel VAR Uygulaması. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10 (2), s. 439-451.
  • Giere, R. (1988), Explaining Science: A cognitive approach. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Grüne-Yanoff, T. (2009a). Learning from Minimal Economic Models. Erkenntnis 70 (1), s. 81-99.
  • Grüne-Yanoff T. (2009b), Preface to “Economic Models as Credible Worlds or as Isolating Tools?”. Erkenntnis, 70, s. 1-2
  • Grüne-Yanoff, T. (2011), Isolation is not Characteristic of Models. International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 25, s. 1-19.
  • Hands, D.W. (2016), Derivational robustness, credible substitute systems and mathematical economic models: the case of stability analysis in Walrasian general equilibrium theory. Euro Jnl Phil Sci 6, s.31–53.
  • Hausmann, D. (1992), The Inexact and Seperate Science of Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Huene, P. H. (2017), Credible Worlds? Sugden on Economic Models. https://www.academia.edu/34984776/Credible_Worlds_Sugden_on_Economic_Models. Erişim Tarihi: 16.09.2022
  • Knuuttila, T. (2009), Isolating Representations versus Credible Construction? Economic Modeling in Theory and Practice. Erkenntnis 70 (1), s. 59-80.
  • Lawson, T. (1997), Economics and Reality. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Lawson, T. (2003), Reorienting Economics. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Lawson, T. (2009), The Current Economic Crisis: Its Nature and the Course of Academic Economics. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33, s. 759-777.
  • Macho-Stadler, I., Pérez Castrillo, J.D. (2001), An Introduction to the Economics of Information: Incentives and Contracts. 2th Edition. Oxford.
  • Mäki, U. (2004), Theoretical Isolation and Explanatory Progress: Transaction Cost Economics and the Dynamics of Dispute. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 28 (3), s. 319-346.
  • Mäki, U. (2009a), Models and Truth: The Functional Decomposition Approach, (Eds: M. Suarez, Mauro Dorato, and Miklos Redei), EPSA Epistemology and Methodology of Science: Launch of the European Philosophy of Science Association, s. 117-140, Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Mäki, U. (2011), Models and the Locus of their Truth. Synthese, Volume 180, s. 47–63;
  • Mäki, U.(2009b), MISSing the world: Models as Isolations and Credible Surrogate Systems. Erkenntnis 70 (1), s. 29-43.
  • Mises, L. V. (1953), The Theory of Money and Credit. Indiana: Liberty Fund Inc.
  • Morgan, M. S., Morrison, M. (1999), Models as Mediators: Perspectives on Natural and Social Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nelson, A. (1990). Are Economic Kinds Natural, (Ed. C. Wade Savage), Scientific Theories, s. 14-92, University of Minnesota Press.
  • Psillos, S. (2011), Living with the abstract: realism and models. Synthese 180 (1), s. 3–17.
  • Reiss, J. (2012), Idealization and the aims of economics: Three cheers for instrumentalism. Economics and Philosophy. 28 (3), s. 363-383.
  • Reiss, J. (2013), Introduction to Economics. New York: Routledge.
  • Robert, M. & Lukasz Hardt, L. (2020), Economic Modelling- Beyond Isolation and Construction: The Case of Austrian Business Cycle Theory as Presented by Roger Garrison. Acta Oeconomica, Akadémiai Kiadó, Hungary, vol. 70(2), s. 251-273.
  • Rodrik, D. (2015), Economics Rules. Oxford University Press.
  • Ross, D. (1989), Realism and Instrumentalism in the Development of Econometrics.Oxford Economic Papers New Series, Vol. 41, No. 1, History and Methodology of Econometrics, s. 236-258
  • Ross, D. (2008), Ontic Structural Realism and Economics, (Eds.C. Bicchieri, J. Alexander), Proceedings of the 2006 Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science AssociationPart II: Symposia Papers, s. 732-743.
  • Samuelson P. A., Nordhaus W. (2010), Economics. 19th edn. McGraw-Hill.
  • Schelling, T. C. (1971), Dynamic models of segregation. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology1 (2), s. 143–186.
  • Scmidt, P. C. (2008), Cartwright and Mill on Tendencies and Capacities, (Eds. L. Bovens, C. Hoefer & S. Hartmann), Nancy Cartwright’s Philosophy of Science, s. 291-302, New York: Routledge.
  • Suarez, M. (2004). An inferential conception of scientific representation. Philosophy of Science 71 (5), s. 767–779.
  • Sugden, R. (2000), Credible Worlds: the Status of Theoretical Models in Economics. Journal of Economic Methodology 7 (1), s. 1-31.
  • Sugden, R. (2002), Credible worlds: The status of theoretical models in economics, (Ed. U. Mäki), Fact and Fiction in Economics: Models, Realism and Social Construction, s.107-136, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sugden, R. (2009), Credible Worlds, Capacities and Mechanisms. Erkenntnis Vol. 70, No. (1), s. 3-27.
  • Toon, A. (2010), The ontology of theoretical modelling: Models as makebelieve. Synthese 172 (2), s. 301–315.
  • Toon, A. (2012), Models as Make-Believe: Imagination, Fiction and Scientific Representation. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • van Fraassen, B. C. (1980), The Scientific Image. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Yasemin, B. (2021), Yatırım Kararlarının Alınmasında Sürü Davranışı: Literatür Taraması. Journal of Economics and Financial Researches, 3(2), s. 129-141.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ahmet Dinçer Çevik 0000-0001-5897-7381

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çevik, A. D. (2023). Avusturya İş Çevrim Modelinden Hareketle Ekonomik Modellerin Ontolojisi Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(2), 813-826. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1214176
AMA Çevik AD. Avusturya İş Çevrim Modelinden Hareketle Ekonomik Modellerin Ontolojisi Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme. ASBİ. Temmuz 2023;23(2):813-826. doi:10.11616/asbi.1214176
Chicago Çevik, Ahmet Dinçer. “Avusturya İş Çevrim Modelinden Hareketle Ekonomik Modellerin Ontolojisi Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 23, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2023): 813-26. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1214176.
EndNote Çevik AD (01 Temmuz 2023) Avusturya İş Çevrim Modelinden Hareketle Ekonomik Modellerin Ontolojisi Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 23 2 813–826.
IEEE A. D. Çevik, “Avusturya İş Çevrim Modelinden Hareketle Ekonomik Modellerin Ontolojisi Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme”, ASBİ, c. 23, sy. 2, ss. 813–826, 2023, doi: 10.11616/asbi.1214176.
ISNAD Çevik, Ahmet Dinçer. “Avusturya İş Çevrim Modelinden Hareketle Ekonomik Modellerin Ontolojisi Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 23/2 (Temmuz 2023), 813-826. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1214176.
JAMA Çevik AD. Avusturya İş Çevrim Modelinden Hareketle Ekonomik Modellerin Ontolojisi Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme. ASBİ. 2023;23:813–826.
MLA Çevik, Ahmet Dinçer. “Avusturya İş Çevrim Modelinden Hareketle Ekonomik Modellerin Ontolojisi Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 23, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 813-26, doi:10.11616/asbi.1214176.
Vancouver Çevik AD. Avusturya İş Çevrim Modelinden Hareketle Ekonomik Modellerin Ontolojisi Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme. ASBİ. 2023;23(2):813-26.
 Kapak Resmi İndir