Öz
It was aimed to compare the knee joint isokinetic strength ratios of elite athletes in different snow branches and evaluate the relationship between them. In the scope of snow branches (alpine skiing, ski running, snowboarding, ski jumping and biathlon), the mean age is 18.3±2.2 years, theme an height is 171.47±4.91 cm, and theme an body weight is 65.65±10,85 kg 40 male athletes were included. The athletes' knee flexion/extension muscle strengths were measured as 5 repetitions at an angular speed of 60°/sec and 15 repetitions at an angular velocity of 180°/sec. One way anova analysis was used to determine the differences between the groups knee joint flexor/extensor muscle strengths. Poct hoc Tukey analysis was applied to determine the difference between branches. There is significant difference in the dominant, non-dominant extensor muscles of the branches at 60-180⁰/sec angular velocity (p<0.05*). In extension movement in dominant leg; It was found that there was statistically significant difference between alpine discipline and ski jumping branches, and statistically significant difference was found between snowboard and ski jumping branches in non-dominant leg strength in extension movement. It was determined that there was no difference between dominant and non-dominant leg strength movements at 60 and 180°/sec angular speed in flexion movement. A significant difference was found between the strength ratios of dominant and non-dominant flexor/extensor muscles at 60-180°/sec angular velocity of the groups in flexion/extension movement at 60°/sec. appears to be high (p<0.05*). No significant relationship was found between branches in other variables (p>0.05). The strength of the knee joint extensor muscles of ski jumping athletes is lower compared to other branches; A force imbalance was detected in the H/Q ratios of alpine skiing and cross-country skiing athletes at an angular speed of 60°/sec, against the detriment of alpine skiing. When it is necessary to determine strength imbalance in athletes, it is recommended to perform corrective exercises to eliminate H/Q disproportion.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Knee Extensor/Flexor H/Q Ratio Skiing İsokinetic Muscle Strength
Kaynakça
- Alexander, M. (1990). Peak torque values for antagonist muscle groups and concentric and eccentric contraction types for elite sprinters. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 71(5), 334-339.
- Andrade, M. D. S., De Lira, C. A. B., Koffes, F. D. C., Mascarin, N. C., Benedito-Silva, A. A., ve Da Silva, A. C. (2012). Isokinetic hamstrings-to-quadriceps peak torque ratio: The influence of sport modality, gender, and angular velocity. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(6), 547-553. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2011.644249
- Barış, L., Müniroğlu, S., Çoruh, E. E., ve Sunay, H. (2003). Türk erkek voleybol milli takiminin somatotip özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 53-56.
- Bere, T., Flørenes, T. W., Krosshaug, T., Koga, H., Nordsletten, L., Irving, C., Bahr, R. (2011). Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in World Cup alpine skiing: a systematic video analysis of 20 cases. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(7), 1421-1429. DOİ.org/10.1177/0363546511405
- Berg, H. E., Eiken, O., ve Tesch, P. (1995). Involvement of eccentric muscle actions in giant slalom racing. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27(12), 1666-1670.
- Biedert, R., ve Gruhl, C. (1997). Axial computed tomography of the patellofemoral joint with and without quadriceps contraction. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 116(1-2), 77-82.
- Brughelli, M., Cronin, J., ve Nosaka, K. (2010). Muscle architecture and optimum angle of the knee flexors and extensors: a comparison between cyclists and Australian Rules football players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(3), 717-721. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318197009a
- Coombs, R., ve Garbutt, G. (2002). Developments in the use of the hamstring/quadriceps ratio for the assessment of muscle balance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 1(3), 56.
- De Ste Croix, M., Deighan, M., ve Armstrong, N. (2004). Time to peak torque for knee and elbow extensors and flexors in children, teenagers and adults. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 12(2), 143-148.
- Hahn, T., ve Foldspang, A. (1997). The Q angle and sport. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 7(1), 43-48.
- Kannus, P., ve Järvinen, M. (1990). Knee flexor/extensor strength ratio in follow-up of acute knee distortion injuries. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 71(1), 38-41.
- Kocahan, T., Kaya, E., Akinoğlu, B., Karaaslan, Y., Ün Yildirim, N., ve Hasanoğlu, A. (2017). The effects of isokinetic strength training on strength at different angular velocities: a pilot study. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 52(3), 77-83.
- Lyon, L. K., Benz, L. N., Johnson, K. K., Ling, A. C., ve Bryan, J. M. (1988). Q-angle: a factor in peak torque occurrence in isokinetic knee extension. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 9(7), 250-2253.
- Magalhaes, J., Oliveir, A., Ascensao, A., ve Soares, J. (2004). Concentric quadriceps and hamstrings isokinetic strength in volleyball and soccer players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 44, 119-125.
- Malliou, P., Ispirlidis, I., Beneka, A., Taxildaris, K., ve Godolias, G. (2003). Vertical jump and knee extensors isokinetic performance in professional soccer players related to the phase of the training period. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 11(3), 165-169. DOI: 10.3233/IES-2003-0144
- Miller, L. E., Pierson, L. M., Nickols-Richardson, S. M., Wootten, D. F., Selmon, S. E., Ramp, W. K., ve Herbert, W. G. (2006). Knee extensor and flexor torque development with concentric and eccentric isokinetic training. Research Quarterly For Exercise and Sport, 77(1), 58-63. DOI:10.1080/02701367.2006.10599332
- Neumayr, G., Hoertnagl, H., Pfister, R., Koller, A., Eibl, G., ve Raas, E. (2003). Physical and physiological factors associated with success in professional alpine skiing. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 24(08), 571-575.
- Orchard, J., Marsden, J., Lord, S., ve Garlick, D. (1997). Preseason hamstring muscle weakness associated with hamstring muscle injury in Australian footballers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(1), 81-85.
- Prieske, O., Muehlbauer, T., ve Granacher, U. (2016). The role of trunk muscle strength for physical fitness and athletic performance in trained individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 46, 401-419.
- Slocker de Arce, A., Sánchez, J. C., Camacho, F., Clemente de Arriba, C., ve Pellico, L. G. (2001). Isokinetic evaluation of the healthy knee: Position of the joint at the peak torque. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 9(4), 151-154.
- Taşdemir, (2019) U. F. F. C. Periferik Kas Kuvvetinin Değerlendirilmesi.
- Turnbull, J., Kilding, A., ve Keogh, J. (2009). Physiology of alpine skiing. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 19(2), 146-155. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00901.x
- Vieira, A., Alex, S., Martorelli, A., Brown, L. E., Moreira, R., ve Bottaro, M. (2017). Lower-extremity isokinetic strength ratios of elite springboard and platform diving athletes. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 45(2), 87-91. DOI.org/10.1080/00913847.2017.1302310
- Wilkosz, P., Kabacinski, J., Mackala, K., Murawa, M., Ostarello, J., Rzepnicka, A., Dworak, L. B. (2021). Isokinetic and isometric assessment of the knee joint extensors and flexors of professional volleyball players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6780. DOI:10.3390/IJERPH18136780
- Zabka, F. F., Valente, H. G., ve Pacheco, A. M. (2011). Isokinetic evaluation of knee extensor and flexor muscles in professional soccer players. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 17, 189-192. DOI:10.1590/S1517-86922011000300008
Öz
Farklı kar branşlarındaki elit sporcuların diz eklemi izokinetik kuvvet oranlarını karşılaştırılarak aralarındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya kar branşları (alp disiplini, kayaklı koşu, snowboard, kayakla atlama ve biathlon) kapsamında yaş ortalamaları 18,3±2,2 yıl boy uzunluğu ortalamaları 171,47 ± 4,91 cm, vücut ağırlığı ortalamaları 65,65±10,85 kg olan, 40 erkek sporcu dahil edilmiştir. Sporcuların diz fleksiyon/ekstansiyon kas kuvvetleri 60°/sn açısal hızda 5 ve 180°/sn açısal hızda 15 tekrar şeklinde ölçülmüştür. Grupların diz fleksör/ekstansör kas kuvvetleri arasındaki farklılıkları belirlemek için one way anova analizi kullanılmıştır. Branşlar arasındaki farklılığın belirlemek için poct hoc Tukey analizi uygulanmıştır. Branşların 60-180⁰/sn açısal hızda dominant, non-dominant ekstansör kaslarında anlamlı farklılık bulunmaktadır (p<0,05*). Dominant bacak ekstantiyon hareketinde; alp disiplini ile kayakla atlama branşları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu, non-dominant bacak kuvvetinin ekstansiyon hareketinde snowboard ile kayakla atlama branşları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Fleksiyon hareketinde 60 ve 180°/sn açısal hızda dominant ve non-dominant bacak kuvveti hareketinde fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Grupların 60-180°/sn açısal hızda dominant ve non-dominant fleksör/ekstansör kaslarının kuvvet oranları 60°/sn dominant bacak kuvvetinde fleksiyon/ekstansiyon hareketinde alp disiplini ile kayaklı koşu branşları arasında anlamlı fark saptanmış ve alp disiplini branşının kas kuvveti oranının en yüksek olduğu görülmektedir (p<0,05*). Diğer değişkenlerde branşlar arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamadı (p>0,05). Kayakla atlama sporcularının diğer branşlara göre diz eklemi ekstansör kaslarının kuvvetinin daha düşük olduğu; alp disiplini ve kayaklı koşu sporcularının 60°/sn açısal hızda H/Q oranlarında alp disiplini aleyhine kuvvet dengesizliği saptanmıştır. Sporcularda kuvvet dengesizliğini belirlemek gerektiğinde H/Q orantısızlığını gidermek için düzeltici egzersizlerin yapılması önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Diz Ekstansör/Fleksör H/Q Oranı Kayak İzokinetik Kas Kuvveti
Kaynakça
- Alexander, M. (1990). Peak torque values for antagonist muscle groups and concentric and eccentric contraction types for elite sprinters. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 71(5), 334-339.
- Andrade, M. D. S., De Lira, C. A. B., Koffes, F. D. C., Mascarin, N. C., Benedito-Silva, A. A., ve Da Silva, A. C. (2012). Isokinetic hamstrings-to-quadriceps peak torque ratio: The influence of sport modality, gender, and angular velocity. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(6), 547-553. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2011.644249
- Barış, L., Müniroğlu, S., Çoruh, E. E., ve Sunay, H. (2003). Türk erkek voleybol milli takiminin somatotip özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 53-56.
- Bere, T., Flørenes, T. W., Krosshaug, T., Koga, H., Nordsletten, L., Irving, C., Bahr, R. (2011). Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in World Cup alpine skiing: a systematic video analysis of 20 cases. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(7), 1421-1429. DOİ.org/10.1177/0363546511405
- Berg, H. E., Eiken, O., ve Tesch, P. (1995). Involvement of eccentric muscle actions in giant slalom racing. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27(12), 1666-1670.
- Biedert, R., ve Gruhl, C. (1997). Axial computed tomography of the patellofemoral joint with and without quadriceps contraction. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 116(1-2), 77-82.
- Brughelli, M., Cronin, J., ve Nosaka, K. (2010). Muscle architecture and optimum angle of the knee flexors and extensors: a comparison between cyclists and Australian Rules football players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(3), 717-721. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318197009a
- Coombs, R., ve Garbutt, G. (2002). Developments in the use of the hamstring/quadriceps ratio for the assessment of muscle balance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 1(3), 56.
- De Ste Croix, M., Deighan, M., ve Armstrong, N. (2004). Time to peak torque for knee and elbow extensors and flexors in children, teenagers and adults. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 12(2), 143-148.
- Hahn, T., ve Foldspang, A. (1997). The Q angle and sport. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 7(1), 43-48.
- Kannus, P., ve Järvinen, M. (1990). Knee flexor/extensor strength ratio in follow-up of acute knee distortion injuries. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 71(1), 38-41.
- Kocahan, T., Kaya, E., Akinoğlu, B., Karaaslan, Y., Ün Yildirim, N., ve Hasanoğlu, A. (2017). The effects of isokinetic strength training on strength at different angular velocities: a pilot study. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 52(3), 77-83.
- Lyon, L. K., Benz, L. N., Johnson, K. K., Ling, A. C., ve Bryan, J. M. (1988). Q-angle: a factor in peak torque occurrence in isokinetic knee extension. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 9(7), 250-2253.
- Magalhaes, J., Oliveir, A., Ascensao, A., ve Soares, J. (2004). Concentric quadriceps and hamstrings isokinetic strength in volleyball and soccer players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 44, 119-125.
- Malliou, P., Ispirlidis, I., Beneka, A., Taxildaris, K., ve Godolias, G. (2003). Vertical jump and knee extensors isokinetic performance in professional soccer players related to the phase of the training period. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 11(3), 165-169. DOI: 10.3233/IES-2003-0144
- Miller, L. E., Pierson, L. M., Nickols-Richardson, S. M., Wootten, D. F., Selmon, S. E., Ramp, W. K., ve Herbert, W. G. (2006). Knee extensor and flexor torque development with concentric and eccentric isokinetic training. Research Quarterly For Exercise and Sport, 77(1), 58-63. DOI:10.1080/02701367.2006.10599332
- Neumayr, G., Hoertnagl, H., Pfister, R., Koller, A., Eibl, G., ve Raas, E. (2003). Physical and physiological factors associated with success in professional alpine skiing. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 24(08), 571-575.
- Orchard, J., Marsden, J., Lord, S., ve Garlick, D. (1997). Preseason hamstring muscle weakness associated with hamstring muscle injury in Australian footballers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(1), 81-85.
- Prieske, O., Muehlbauer, T., ve Granacher, U. (2016). The role of trunk muscle strength for physical fitness and athletic performance in trained individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 46, 401-419.
- Slocker de Arce, A., Sánchez, J. C., Camacho, F., Clemente de Arriba, C., ve Pellico, L. G. (2001). Isokinetic evaluation of the healthy knee: Position of the joint at the peak torque. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 9(4), 151-154.
- Taşdemir, (2019) U. F. F. C. Periferik Kas Kuvvetinin Değerlendirilmesi.
- Turnbull, J., Kilding, A., ve Keogh, J. (2009). Physiology of alpine skiing. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 19(2), 146-155. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00901.x
- Vieira, A., Alex, S., Martorelli, A., Brown, L. E., Moreira, R., ve Bottaro, M. (2017). Lower-extremity isokinetic strength ratios of elite springboard and platform diving athletes. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 45(2), 87-91. DOI.org/10.1080/00913847.2017.1302310
- Wilkosz, P., Kabacinski, J., Mackala, K., Murawa, M., Ostarello, J., Rzepnicka, A., Dworak, L. B. (2021). Isokinetic and isometric assessment of the knee joint extensors and flexors of professional volleyball players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6780. DOI:10.3390/IJERPH18136780
- Zabka, F. F., Valente, H. G., ve Pacheco, A. M. (2011). Isokinetic evaluation of knee extensor and flexor muscles in professional soccer players. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 17, 189-192. DOI:10.1590/S1517-86922011000300008
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Antrenman, Egzersiz Fizyolojisi |
| Bölüm | Arşiv |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 28 Eylül 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Eylül 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 6 Mayıs 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 20 Temmuz 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3 |
Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.
Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.