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Serebral Palsili Çocuğu Olan Annelerin Aile Yükü ve Umutsuzluk Düzeyleri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 147 - 156, 01.05.2018

Öz

ÖzGiriş: SP’li çocukların sürekli özel ilgi ve bakıma gereksinimlerinin olması, annelerin yükünü ve umutsuzluk duygularını arttırabilir. Amaç: Bu araştırma, serebral palsili çocuğu olan annelerin yükünü, umutsuzluk düzeylerini ve aralarındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki çalışma, 2010-2012 yılları arasında, bir üniversite hastanesi çocuk nöroloji polikliniğinde takip edilen 59 serebral palsi (SP)’li çocuğun anneleriyle yapıldı. Veriler, bilgi toplama formu, Zihinsel Yetersiz Çocuğu Olan Aileler için Aile Yükü Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği (BUÖ) ile toplandı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve pearson korelasyon analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: SP’li çocukların %67.8’inin (n < 40) hastalığının ağır şiddette olduğu ve önemli bir kısmının öğrenme güçlüğü, kendine bakım verme, hareket ve iletişim sınırlılığı yaşadığı belirlendi. Bundan dolayı annelerin %78’i (n = 46) çocuğuna bakım vermede güçlük yaşadığını bildirdi. Annelerin umutsuzluk toplam puan ortalaması 7.17 ± 2.52 ve aile yükü toplam puan ortalaması ise 97.57 ± 36.08 olarak bulundu. BUÖ’nün alt ölçeği “motivasyon kaybı” ile aile yükü alt ölçeklerinden ekonomik yük (r = .36; p = .005), fiziksel yük (r = .22; p = .001), duygusal yük (r = .55; p < .001), zaman gereksinimi (r = .53; p<.001) arasında anlamlı ilişki saptandı. BUÖ’nün alt ölçeği olan “umut” ile aile yükü alt ölçeklerinden sosyal yük (r = [-.36]; p = .005), duygusal yük (r = [-.48]; p < .001), zaman gereksinimi (r = [-.37]; p = .004) arasında ters yönlü düşük düzeyde ilişki saptandı. Sonuç: Bu araştırmada, SP’li çocuğu olan annelerin yüklerinin yüksek, umutsuzluk düzeylerinin ise düşük olduğu saptandı.

Kaynakça

  • Akgül, A. (2005). Tıbbi Araştırmalarda İstatiksel Analiz Teknikleri. (3.baskı). Ankara: Emek Ofset Ltd. Şti. Akmeşe, P. P., Mutlu, A., & Günel, M. K. (2007). Serebral paralizili çocukların annelerinin kaygı düzeyinin araştırılması. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 50, 236-240.
  • Ansari, N. J., Dhongade, R. K., Lad, P. S., Borade, A., Yg, S., Yadav, V., et al. (2016). Study of parental perceptions on health & social needs of children with neuro-developmental disability. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 10(12), SC16-SC20.
  • Baird, G., McConachie, H., & Scrutton, D. (2000). Parents’ perceptions of disclosure of the diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 83, 475-480.
  • Bayramova, N., & Karadakovan, A. (2004). Kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin umutsuzluk durumlarının incelenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 7(2), 39-47.
  • Björquist, E., Nordmark, E., & Hallström, I. (2016). Parents’ experiences of health and needs when supporting their adolescents with cerebral palsy during transition to adulthood. Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics, 36(2), 204- 216.
  • Caicedo, C. (2014). Families with special needs children: family health, functioning, and care burden. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 20(6), 398–407.
  • Carona, C., Crespo, C., & Canavarro, M. C. (2013). Similarities amid the difference: Caregiving burden and adaptation outcomes in dyads of parents and their children with and without cerebral palsy. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(3), 882–893.
  • Carona, C., Silva, N., Crespo, C., & Canavarro, M. C. (2014). Caregiving burden and parent-child quality of life outcomes in neurodevelopmental conditions: the mediating role of behavioral disengagement. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 21(4), 320-8.
  • Chang, H. Y., Chiou, C. J., & Chen, N. S. (2010). Impact of mental health and caregiver burden on family caregivers’ physical health. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 50(3), 267-271.
  • Cockerill, H., Elbourne, D., Allen, E., Scrutton, D., Will, E., McNee, A., Fairhurst, C., & Baird, G. (2014). Speech, communication and use of augmentative communication in young people with cerebral palsy: The SH&PE population study. Child: Care, Health and Development, 40(2), 149-57.
  • Crowe, T. K., & Michael, H. J. (2011). Time use of mothers with adolescents: A lasting impact of a child’s disability. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 31(3), 118-126.
  • Çavuşoğlu, H. (2013). Çocuk Sağlığı Hemşireliği. 11. Baskı, Ankara: Sistem Ofset Basımevi Tic. Lit. Şti. Çetinkaya, Z., & Öz, F. (2000). Serebral palsili çocuğu olan annelerin bilgi gereksinimlerinin karşılanmasına planlı bilgi vermenin etkisi. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 4(2), 44-51.
  • Durak, A., & Palabıyıkoğlu, R. (1994). Beck umutsuzluk ölçeği geçerlilik çalışması. Kriz Dergisi, 2, 311-319.
  • Guillamón, N., Nieto, R., Pousada, M., Redolar, D., Muñoz, E., Hernández, E., et al. (2013). Quality of life and mental health among parents of children with cerebral palsy: the influence of self-efficacy and coping strategies. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22(11-12), 1579-90.
  • Hatzmann, J., Heymans, H., Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A., van Praag, B., & Grootenhuis, M. (2008). Hidden consequences of success in pediatrics: Parental health-related quality of life-results from the care project. Pediatrics, 122, e1030-e1038.
  • Horwitz, A. G., Berona, J., Czyz, E. K., Yeguez, C. E., & King, C. A. (2016). Positive and negative expectations of hopelessness as longitudinal predictors of depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior in high-risk adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 46(3), 1-9.
  • Karadağ, G. (2009). Engelli çocuğa sahip annelerin yaşadıkları güçlükler ile aileden algıladıkları sosyal destek ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 8(4), 315-322.
  • Ketelaar, M., Gorter, J. W., Westers, P., Hanna, S., & Verhoef, M. (2014). Developmental trajectories of mobility and self-care capabilities in young children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatrics, 164, 769-74.
  • Khanna, A. K., Prabhakaran, A., Patel, P., Ganjiwale, J. D., & Nimbalkar, S. M. (2015). Social, psychological and financial burden on caregivers of children with chronic illness: a cross-sectional study. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 82(11), 1006- 11.
  • Kuo, D., Cohen, E., Agrawal, R., Berry, J., & Casey, P. (2011). A national profile of caregiver challenges among more medically complex children with special health care needs. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, 165, 1020- 1026.
  • Lach, L. M., Kohen, D. E., Garner, R. E., Brehaut, J. C., Miller, A. R., Klassen, A. F., et al. (2009). The health and psychosocial functioning of caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Disability and Rehabilitation, 31(9), 741-52.
  • Lauber, C., Eichenberger, A., Luginbühl, P., Keller, C., & Rössler, W. (2003). Determinants of burden caregivers of patients with exacerbating schizophrenia. European Psychiatry, 18(6), 285-289.
  • Liu, M., Lambert, C. E., & Lambert, V. A. (2007). Caregiver burden and coping patterns of Chinese parents of a child with a mental illness. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 16, 86–95.
  • Majnemer, A., Shevell, M., Rosenbaum, P., Law, M., & Poulin, C. (2007). Determinants of life quality in school-age children with cerebral palsy. The Journal of Pediatrics, 151(5), 470–5.
  • Majnemer, A., Shevell, M., Law, M., Poulin, C., & Rosenbaum, P. (2012). Indicators of distress in families of children with cerebral palsy. Disability and Rehabilitation, 34(14), 1202-1207.
  • Marrón, E. M., Redolar-Ripoll, D., Boixadós, M., Nieto, R., Guillamón, N., Hernández, E., et al. (2013). Burden on caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: predictors and related factors. Universitas Psychologica, 12(3), 767-777.
  • McCann, D., Bull, R., & Winzenberg, T. (2012). The daily patterns of time use for parents of children with complex needs: a systematic review. Journal of Child Health Care, 16, 26-52.
  • McIntyre, S., Morgan, C., Walker, K., & Novak, I. (2011). Cerebral palsy-don’t delay. Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 17(2), 114–129.
  • Mitchell, A.M., Pössel, P., Voorhes, B.W.V., & Eaton, W.W. (2016). Associations of depression status and hopelessness with breast cancer: a 24-year follow-up study. Journal of Health Psychology, 22(1), 269–393.
  • Morgan, C., Novak, I., & Badawi, N. (2013). Enriched Environments and motor outcomes in cerebral palsy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 132(3), e735–e746.
  • Novak, I. (2014). Evidence-based diagnosis, health care, and rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Child Neurology, 29(8), 1141-1156.
  • Ohrvall, A. M., Eliasson, A. C., Lowing, K., Odman, P., & Krumlinde-Sundholm, L. (2010). Self-care and mobility skills in children with cerebral palsy, related to their manual ability and gross motor function classifications. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 52, 1048-55.
  • Oskoui, M., Coutinho, F., Dykeman, J., Jette, N., & Pringsheim, T. (2013). An update on the prevalence of cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 55, 509–519.
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Family Burden and Hopelessness Levels in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 147 - 156, 01.05.2018

Öz

Background: Constant needs of children with cerebral palsy for special attention and care can increase burden and hopelessness levels in
their mothers. Objectives: This study was directed towards determining burden and hopelessness levels and their relation to each other in
mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and performed on 59 women whose children had cerebral
palsy and were followed in a pediatric neurology clinic of a university hospital between 2010 and 2012. Data were gathered with a general
characteristics-form, Family Burden Assessment Scale for the Families of Children with Intellectual Disability and Beck Hopelessness Scale.
They were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Sixty-seven-point eight percent of the children with
cerebral palsy (n = 40) had a severe disease activity and most of them had learning difficulties and limitations about performing selfcare,
moving and communicating. Seventy-eight percent of the mothers (n = 46) reported to experience difficulty in caring their children. The
mean hopelessness score of the mothers was 9.50 ± 5.10 and the mean score for family burden was 158.77 ± 37.18. A significant positive
correlation was found between the hopelessness score and the family burden score (r = .58; p < .001). Conclusion: The study revealed that
burden levels were high, but that hopelessness levels were low in the mothers of the children with cerebral palsy. It was also found that the
levels of hopelessness of the mothers increased while their family burdens increased.

Kaynakça

  • Akgül, A. (2005). Tıbbi Araştırmalarda İstatiksel Analiz Teknikleri. (3.baskı). Ankara: Emek Ofset Ltd. Şti. Akmeşe, P. P., Mutlu, A., & Günel, M. K. (2007). Serebral paralizili çocukların annelerinin kaygı düzeyinin araştırılması. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 50, 236-240.
  • Ansari, N. J., Dhongade, R. K., Lad, P. S., Borade, A., Yg, S., Yadav, V., et al. (2016). Study of parental perceptions on health & social needs of children with neuro-developmental disability. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 10(12), SC16-SC20.
  • Baird, G., McConachie, H., & Scrutton, D. (2000). Parents’ perceptions of disclosure of the diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 83, 475-480.
  • Bayramova, N., & Karadakovan, A. (2004). Kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin umutsuzluk durumlarının incelenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 7(2), 39-47.
  • Björquist, E., Nordmark, E., & Hallström, I. (2016). Parents’ experiences of health and needs when supporting their adolescents with cerebral palsy during transition to adulthood. Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics, 36(2), 204- 216.
  • Caicedo, C. (2014). Families with special needs children: family health, functioning, and care burden. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 20(6), 398–407.
  • Carona, C., Crespo, C., & Canavarro, M. C. (2013). Similarities amid the difference: Caregiving burden and adaptation outcomes in dyads of parents and their children with and without cerebral palsy. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(3), 882–893.
  • Carona, C., Silva, N., Crespo, C., & Canavarro, M. C. (2014). Caregiving burden and parent-child quality of life outcomes in neurodevelopmental conditions: the mediating role of behavioral disengagement. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 21(4), 320-8.
  • Chang, H. Y., Chiou, C. J., & Chen, N. S. (2010). Impact of mental health and caregiver burden on family caregivers’ physical health. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 50(3), 267-271.
  • Cockerill, H., Elbourne, D., Allen, E., Scrutton, D., Will, E., McNee, A., Fairhurst, C., & Baird, G. (2014). Speech, communication and use of augmentative communication in young people with cerebral palsy: The SH&PE population study. Child: Care, Health and Development, 40(2), 149-57.
  • Crowe, T. K., & Michael, H. J. (2011). Time use of mothers with adolescents: A lasting impact of a child’s disability. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 31(3), 118-126.
  • Çavuşoğlu, H. (2013). Çocuk Sağlığı Hemşireliği. 11. Baskı, Ankara: Sistem Ofset Basımevi Tic. Lit. Şti. Çetinkaya, Z., & Öz, F. (2000). Serebral palsili çocuğu olan annelerin bilgi gereksinimlerinin karşılanmasına planlı bilgi vermenin etkisi. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 4(2), 44-51.
  • Durak, A., & Palabıyıkoğlu, R. (1994). Beck umutsuzluk ölçeği geçerlilik çalışması. Kriz Dergisi, 2, 311-319.
  • Guillamón, N., Nieto, R., Pousada, M., Redolar, D., Muñoz, E., Hernández, E., et al. (2013). Quality of life and mental health among parents of children with cerebral palsy: the influence of self-efficacy and coping strategies. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22(11-12), 1579-90.
  • Hatzmann, J., Heymans, H., Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A., van Praag, B., & Grootenhuis, M. (2008). Hidden consequences of success in pediatrics: Parental health-related quality of life-results from the care project. Pediatrics, 122, e1030-e1038.
  • Horwitz, A. G., Berona, J., Czyz, E. K., Yeguez, C. E., & King, C. A. (2016). Positive and negative expectations of hopelessness as longitudinal predictors of depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior in high-risk adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 46(3), 1-9.
  • Karadağ, G. (2009). Engelli çocuğa sahip annelerin yaşadıkları güçlükler ile aileden algıladıkları sosyal destek ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 8(4), 315-322.
  • Ketelaar, M., Gorter, J. W., Westers, P., Hanna, S., & Verhoef, M. (2014). Developmental trajectories of mobility and self-care capabilities in young children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatrics, 164, 769-74.
  • Khanna, A. K., Prabhakaran, A., Patel, P., Ganjiwale, J. D., & Nimbalkar, S. M. (2015). Social, psychological and financial burden on caregivers of children with chronic illness: a cross-sectional study. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 82(11), 1006- 11.
  • Kuo, D., Cohen, E., Agrawal, R., Berry, J., & Casey, P. (2011). A national profile of caregiver challenges among more medically complex children with special health care needs. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, 165, 1020- 1026.
  • Lach, L. M., Kohen, D. E., Garner, R. E., Brehaut, J. C., Miller, A. R., Klassen, A. F., et al. (2009). The health and psychosocial functioning of caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Disability and Rehabilitation, 31(9), 741-52.
  • Lauber, C., Eichenberger, A., Luginbühl, P., Keller, C., & Rössler, W. (2003). Determinants of burden caregivers of patients with exacerbating schizophrenia. European Psychiatry, 18(6), 285-289.
  • Liu, M., Lambert, C. E., & Lambert, V. A. (2007). Caregiver burden and coping patterns of Chinese parents of a child with a mental illness. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 16, 86–95.
  • Majnemer, A., Shevell, M., Rosenbaum, P., Law, M., & Poulin, C. (2007). Determinants of life quality in school-age children with cerebral palsy. The Journal of Pediatrics, 151(5), 470–5.
  • Majnemer, A., Shevell, M., Law, M., Poulin, C., & Rosenbaum, P. (2012). Indicators of distress in families of children with cerebral palsy. Disability and Rehabilitation, 34(14), 1202-1207.
  • Marrón, E. M., Redolar-Ripoll, D., Boixadós, M., Nieto, R., Guillamón, N., Hernández, E., et al. (2013). Burden on caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: predictors and related factors. Universitas Psychologica, 12(3), 767-777.
  • McCann, D., Bull, R., & Winzenberg, T. (2012). The daily patterns of time use for parents of children with complex needs: a systematic review. Journal of Child Health Care, 16, 26-52.
  • McIntyre, S., Morgan, C., Walker, K., & Novak, I. (2011). Cerebral palsy-don’t delay. Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 17(2), 114–129.
  • Mitchell, A.M., Pössel, P., Voorhes, B.W.V., & Eaton, W.W. (2016). Associations of depression status and hopelessness with breast cancer: a 24-year follow-up study. Journal of Health Psychology, 22(1), 269–393.
  • Morgan, C., Novak, I., & Badawi, N. (2013). Enriched Environments and motor outcomes in cerebral palsy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 132(3), e735–e746.
  • Novak, I. (2014). Evidence-based diagnosis, health care, and rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Child Neurology, 29(8), 1141-1156.
  • Ohrvall, A. M., Eliasson, A. C., Lowing, K., Odman, P., & Krumlinde-Sundholm, L. (2010). Self-care and mobility skills in children with cerebral palsy, related to their manual ability and gross motor function classifications. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 52, 1048-55.
  • Oskoui, M., Coutinho, F., Dykeman, J., Jette, N., & Pringsheim, T. (2013). An update on the prevalence of cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 55, 509–519.
  • Oskoui, M., Messerlian, C., Blair, A., Gamache, P., & Shevell, M. (2016). Variation in cerebral palsy profile by socioeconomic status. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 58(2), 160–166.
  • Özmen, D., Dündar, P. E., Çetinkaya, A. Ç., Taşkın, O., & Özmen, E. (2008). Lise öğrencilerinde umutsuzluk ve umutsuzluk düzeyini etkileyen etkenler. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 9, 8-15.
  • Pousada, M., Guillamón, N., Hernández-Encuentra, E., Muñoz, E., Redolar, D., Boixadós, M., et al. (2013). Impact of caring for a child with cerebral palsy on the quality of life of parents: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 25, 545–577
  • Rentinck, I. C., Ketelaar, M., Jongmans, M. J., & Gorter, J. W. (2007). Parents of children with cerebral palsy: a review of factors related to the process of adaptation. Child: Care, Health and Development, 33, 161–169.
  • Richards, C. L. & Malouin, F. (2013). Pediatric Neurology Part I. In O. Dulac, M. Lassonde, and H.B. Sarnat (Eds.), Cerebral palsy: definition, assessment and rehabilitation. (pp. 183-195). Elsevier.
  • Risdal, D., & Singer, G. H. S. (2004). Marital adjustment in parents of children with disabilities: a historical review and metaanalysis. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 29(2), 95–103.
  • Rosenbaum, P., Paneth, N., Leviton, A., Goldstein, M., Bax, M., Damiano, D., et al. (2007). A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. Supplement, 109, 8–14.
  • Sardana, R., Singh, U., & Sumalatha, K. B. (2016). Family life of caregivers: a descriptive study of disruption of family activities, leisures and interaction of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Al Ameen Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(3),154-161.
  • Savaşır, I., & Şahin, N. H. (Editörler). (1997). Bilişsel-davranışcı terapilerde değerlendirme: Sık kullanılan ölçekler. (pp.61- 66). Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Seber, G. (1991). Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği üzerine bir çalışma. Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı Doçentlik Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Eskişehir, Türkiye. Aktaran: Durak, A., & Palabıyıkoğlu, R. (1994). Beck umutsuzluk ölçeği geçerlilik çalışması. Kriz Dergisi, 2, 311-319.
  • Seber, G., Dilbaz, N., Kaptanoğlu, C., Tekin, D. (1993). Umutsuzluk ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve güvenirliği. Kriz Dergisi, 1(3),139- 142.
  • Serdaroğlu, A., Cansu, A., Ozkan, S., & Tezcan, S. (2006). Prevalence of cerebral palsy in Turkish children between the ages of 2 and 16 years. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 48(6), 413-6.
  • Sewell, M.D., Eastwood, D. M., & Wimalasundera, N. (2014). Managing common symptoms of cerebral palsy in children. British Medical Journal, 349, g5474.
  • Skok, A., Harvey, D., & Reddihough, D. (2006). Perceived stress, perceived social support, and wellbeing among mothers of school-aged children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 31(1), 53–57.
  • Ström, H., Kreuter, M., & Rosberg, S. (2012). Quality of life in parents/caretakers of children with cerebral palsy in Kampong Cham, Cambodia. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 58(4), 303-6.
  • Tercanlı, N. Demir, V. (2012). Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği’nin çeşitli değişkenler açısından değerlendirilmesi (Gümüşhane ili örneği). Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 29-40.
  • Tseng, M. H., Chen, K. L., Shieh, J. Y., Lu, L., Huang, C. Y., & Simeonsson, R. J. (2016). Child characteristics, caregiver characteristics, and environmental factors affecting the quality of life of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(24), 2374-82.
  • Turan Gürhopur F. D., İşler Dalgıç A. (2017). Zihinsel yetersiz çocuğu olan ebeveynlerde aile yükü. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 8(1), 9–16.
  • Vos, R. C., Dallmeijer, A. J., Verhoef, M., Van Schie, P. E., Voorman, J. M., Wiegerink, D.J., et al. (2014). Developmental trajectories of receptive and expressive communication in children and young adults with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 56(10), 951-9.
  • Ward, R., Reynolds, J. E., Bear, N., Elliott, C., & Valentine, C. (2017). What is the evidence for managing tone in young children with, or at risk of developing, cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 39(7), 619-630.
  • Whittingham, K., Wee, D., Sanders, M. R., & Boyd, R. (2012). Predictors of psychological adjustment, experienced parenting burden and chronic sorrow symptoms in parents of children with cerebral palsy. Child: Care, Health and Development, 39(3), 366–373.
  • Wu, J., & Liu, S. (2014). Research on family factors and support of children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Exceptional People, 1(4), 21-33.
  • Yıldırım Sarı, H. (2007). Zihinsel engelli çocuğu olan ailelerde aile yüklenmesi. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 11(2), 1-7.
  • Yıldırım Sarı, H., & Başbakkal, Z. (2008). Zihinsel yetersiz çocuğu olan aileler için aile yükü değerlendirme ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 11(3), 86-95.
  • Yıldırım, F., & Conk, Z. (2005). Zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocuğa sahip anne/babaların stresle başa çıkma tarzlarına ve depresyon düzeylerine planlı eğitimin etkisi. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 9(2), 1-10.
  • Yılmaz, A. (2014). Kanserli 15-19 yaş grubu adölesanların umutsuzluk, depresyon ve anksiyete düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Hemşirelik Programı Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ankara, Türkiye.
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Hüsniye Çalışır

Seher Sarikaya Karabudak Bu kişi benim

Pelin Karataş Bu kişi benim

Ayşe Fahriye Tosun Bu kişi benim

İfaket Meşealan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çalışır, H., Karabudak, S. S., Karataş, P., Tosun, A. F., vd. (2018). Serebral Palsili Çocuğu Olan Annelerin Aile Yükü ve Umutsuzluk Düzeyleri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 11(2), 147-156.

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi ULAKBİM Türk Tıp Dizini, Türk Medline, Türkiye Atıf Dizini, Şubat 2021 tarihinden beri EBSCO Host ve 26 Ekim 2021 tarihinden itibaren DOAJ ve 18 Ocak 2022 tarihinden beri Index Copernicus tarafından indekslenmektedir.

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