Fear of Coronavirus, Emotional Eating Behaviors, and Physical Activity Levels During the Coronavirus Pandemic in Individuals Over 65 Years of Age

Sabriye Ercan; Ahsen Oğul; Furkan Küçük; Cem Çetin

Araştırma Makalesi

Fear of Coronavirus, Emotional Eating Behaviors, and Physical Activity Levels During the Coronavirus Pandemic in Individuals Over 65 Years of Age

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 154 - 163

Sabriye Ercan Ahsen Oğul Furkan Küçük Cem Çetin

Öz

Objective: The Covid-19 pandemic has led to dramatic changes in lifestyle across populations. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fear of coronavirus, emotional eating behavior and physical activity levels in individuals aged >65 years, and to determine the differences between individuals who did and did not gain weight during the pandemic.
Material and Methods: The study included individuals aged >65 years who were not diagnosed with Covid-19. Participants’ demographic information, Fear of Coronavirus (Covid-19) Scale scores, Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) scores, and physical activity levels according to the General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ) were recorded with an online questionnaire.
Results: The study included a total of 156 participants (72 females, 46.2%; 84 males, 53.8%). The average age was 71.86 ± 7.13 years. The average change in body mass index (BMI) between February 2020 and January 2021 was 0.80 ± 1.32 kg/m2. Participants were divided into two according to change in body mass index during the pandemic as weight-gain (WG, n=104) and non-weight-gain (NWG, n=52) groups. The two groups were not different in terms of descriptive characteristics, the Fear of Covid-19 Scale scores, and physical activity levels (p>0.05). The WG group scored statistically higher in EEQ, and the EEQ type-of-food subscale (p=0.027, p=0.029, respectively). Current BMI, overall EEQ score, and EEQ disinhibition and type-of-food subscores were weakly positively correlated with the change in BMI (p˂0.05).
Conclusion: The change in BMI during the Covid-19 quarantine was associated with the EEQ overall score and its subscales among elderly adults. Physical activity levels were similar between participants who did and did not gain weight during the pandemic, and participants who gained weight were more prone to emotional eating.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, fear of coronavirus, emotional eating, physical activity, elderly

Kaynakça

1. Yamada M, Kimura Y, Ishiyama D, Otobe Y, Suzuki M, Koyama S, et al. Effect of the COVİD-19 Epidemic on Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey. J Nutr Heal Aging. 2020;24(January):948–50.
2. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVİD-19) Dashboard [Internet]. Available from: https://COVID19.who.int/
3. REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY COVİD-19 INFORMATION PAGE [Internet]. Available from: https://COVID19.saglik.gov.tr/EN-69532/general-coronavirus-table.html
4. Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Cinelli G, Bigioni G, Soldati L, Attinà A, et al. Psychological Aspects and Eating Habits during COVİD-19 Home Confinement: Results of EHLC-COVİD-19 Italian Online Survey. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 Jul 19 [cited 2021 Feb 13];12(7):2152. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/7/2152
5. Hall RCW, Hall RCW, Chapman MJ. The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak: lessons hospitals and physicians can apply to future viral epidemics. Gen Hosp Psychiatry [Internet]. 2008 Sep [cited 2021 Feb 13];30(5):446–52. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18774428/
6. Ho SMY, Kwong-Lo RSY, Mak CWY, Wong JS. Fear of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) among health care workers. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Apr;73(2):344–9. 7. Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The Fear of COVİD-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Int J Ment Health Addict [Internet]. 2020 Mar 27 [cited 2021 Feb 13];1–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
8. Nguyen HT, Do BN, Pham KM, Kim GB, Dam HTB, Nguyen TT, et al. Fear of COVİD-19 Scale—Associations of Its Scores with Health Literacy and Health-Related Behaviors among Medical Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Jun 11 [cited 2021 Feb 13];17(11):4164. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/11/4164
9. Caycho-Rodríguez T, Tomás JM, Barboza-Palomino M, Ventura-León J, Gallegos M, Reyes-Bossio M, et al. Assessment of Fear of COVİD-19 in Older Adults: Validation of the Fear of COVİD-19 Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict [Internet]. 2021 Jan 6 [cited 2021 Feb 17];1–15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00438-2
10. Al-Musharaf S. Prevalence and Predictors of Emotional Eating among Healthy Young Saudi Women during the COVİD-19 Pandemic. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 Sep 24 [cited 2021 Feb 18];12(10):2923. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/2923
11. Đogaš Z, Kalcina LL, Dodig IP, Demirović S, Madirazza K, Valić M, et al. The effect of COVİD-19 lockdown on lifestyle and mood in Croatian general population: A cross-sectional study. Croat Med J. 2020;61(4):309–18. 12. Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, Wang H. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVİD-19) on medical staff and general public – A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vol. 291, Psychiatry Research. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2020. p. 113190.
13. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence [Internet]. Vol. 395, The Lancet. Lancet Publishing Group; 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 13]. p. 912–20. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32112714/
14. Bakioğlu F, Korkmaz O, Ercan H. Fear of COVİD-19 and Positivity: Mediating Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. Int J Ment Health Addict [Internet]. 2020 May 28 [cited 2021 Feb 13];1–14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y
15. ARSLANTAŞ H, DEREBOY F, YÜKSEL R, İNALKAÇ S. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ-TR). Turkish J Psychiatry. 2020;31(2):122–30.
16. Kaya Noğay AE, Özen M. Birinci Basamak İçin Fiziksel Aktivite Anketinin Türkçe Uyarlamasının Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirliği. Konuralp Tıp Derg. 2019;11(1):1–8. 17. Garaulet M, Canteras M, Morales E, López-Guimera G, Sánchez-Carracedo D, Corbalán-Tutau MD. Validación de un cuestionario de comedores emocionales para uso en casos de obesidad; cuestionario de comedor emocional (CCE). Nutr Hosp [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2021 Feb 13];27(2):645–51. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22732995
18. Haktanir A, Seki T, Dilmaç B. Adaptation and evaluation of Turkish version of the fear of COVİD-19 Scale. Death Stud [Internet]. 2020 May 29 [cited 2021 Feb 17];1–9. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07481187.2020.1773026
19. Andrade EF, Pereira LJ, Oliveira APL de, Orlando DR, Alves DAG, Guilarducci J de S, et al. Perceived fear of COVİD-19 infection according to sex, age and occupational risk using the Brazilian version of the Fear of COVİD-19 Scale. Death Stud [Internet]. 2020 Aug 26 [cited 2021 Feb 17];1–10. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07481187.2020.1809786
20. Meng H, Xu Y, Dai J, Zhang Y, Liu B, Yang H. Analyze the psychological impact of COVİD-19 among the elderly population in China and make corresponding suggestions [Internet]. Vol. 289, Psychiatry Research. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 17]. p. 112983. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7151427/
21. de Leo D, Trabucchi M. COVİD-19 and the Fears of Italian Senior Citizens. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 May 20 [cited 2021 Feb 17];17(10):3572. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/10/3572
22. Soraci P, Ferrari A, Abbiati FA, Del Fante E, De Pace R, Urso A, et al. Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Version of the Fear of COVİD-19 Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict [Internet]. 2020 May 4 [cited 2021 Feb 17];1–10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00277-1
23. Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Cervigni M, Gallegos M, Martino P, Portillo N, et al. Fear of COVİD-19 scale: Validity, reliability and factorial invariance in Argentina’s general population. Death Stud [Internet]. 2020 Oct 29 [cited 2021 Feb 17];1–10. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07481187.2020.1836071
24. Shen W, Long LM, Shih CH, Ludy MJ. A humanities-based explanation for the effects of emotional eating and perceived stress on food choice motives during the COVİD-19 pandemic. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 Sep 1 [cited 2021 Feb 18];12(9):1–18. Available from: www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients
25. Papandreou C, Arija V, Aretouli E, Tsilidis KK, Bulló M. Comparing eating behaviours, and symptoms of depression and anxiety between Spain and Greece during the <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 outbreak: Cross‐sectional analysis of two different confinement strategies. Eur Eat Disord Rev [Internet]. 2020 Nov 4 [cited 2021 Feb 18];28(6):836–46. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/erv.2772
26. Roschel H, Artioli GG, Gualano B. Risk of Increased Physical Inactivity During <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 Outbreak in Older People: A Call for Actions. J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]. 2020 Jun 14 [cited 2021 Feb 19];68(6):1126–8. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jgs.16550
27. Antunes R, Frontini R, Amaro N, Salvador R, Matos R, Morouço P, et al. Exploring Lifestyle Habits, Physical Activity, Anxiety and Basic Psychological Needs in a Sample of Portuguese Adults during COVİD-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Jun 18 [cited 2021 Feb 20];17(12):4360. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/12/4360
28. Lesser IA, Nienhuis CP. The Impact of COVİD-19 on Physical Activity Behavior and Well-Being of Canadians. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 May 31 [cited 2021 Feb 20];17(11):3899. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/11/3899

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 154 - 163

Sabriye Ercan Ahsen Oğul Furkan Küçük Cem Çetin

Öz

Kaynakça

1. Yamada M, Kimura Y, Ishiyama D, Otobe Y, Suzuki M, Koyama S, et al. Effect of the COVİD-19 Epidemic on Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey. J Nutr Heal Aging. 2020;24(January):948–50.
2. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVİD-19) Dashboard [Internet]. Available from: https://COVID19.who.int/
3. REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY COVİD-19 INFORMATION PAGE [Internet]. Available from: https://COVID19.saglik.gov.tr/EN-69532/general-coronavirus-table.html
4. Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Cinelli G, Bigioni G, Soldati L, Attinà A, et al. Psychological Aspects and Eating Habits during COVİD-19 Home Confinement: Results of EHLC-COVİD-19 Italian Online Survey. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 Jul 19 [cited 2021 Feb 13];12(7):2152. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/7/2152
5. Hall RCW, Hall RCW, Chapman MJ. The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak: lessons hospitals and physicians can apply to future viral epidemics. Gen Hosp Psychiatry [Internet]. 2008 Sep [cited 2021 Feb 13];30(5):446–52. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18774428/
6. Ho SMY, Kwong-Lo RSY, Mak CWY, Wong JS. Fear of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) among health care workers. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Apr;73(2):344–9. 7. Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The Fear of COVİD-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Int J Ment Health Addict [Internet]. 2020 Mar 27 [cited 2021 Feb 13];1–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
8. Nguyen HT, Do BN, Pham KM, Kim GB, Dam HTB, Nguyen TT, et al. Fear of COVİD-19 Scale—Associations of Its Scores with Health Literacy and Health-Related Behaviors among Medical Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Jun 11 [cited 2021 Feb 13];17(11):4164. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/11/4164
9. Caycho-Rodríguez T, Tomás JM, Barboza-Palomino M, Ventura-León J, Gallegos M, Reyes-Bossio M, et al. Assessment of Fear of COVİD-19 in Older Adults: Validation of the Fear of COVİD-19 Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict [Internet]. 2021 Jan 6 [cited 2021 Feb 17];1–15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00438-2
10. Al-Musharaf S. Prevalence and Predictors of Emotional Eating among Healthy Young Saudi Women during the COVİD-19 Pandemic. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 Sep 24 [cited 2021 Feb 18];12(10):2923. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/2923
11. Đogaš Z, Kalcina LL, Dodig IP, Demirović S, Madirazza K, Valić M, et al. The effect of COVİD-19 lockdown on lifestyle and mood in Croatian general population: A cross-sectional study. Croat Med J. 2020;61(4):309–18. 12. Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, Wang H. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVİD-19) on medical staff and general public – A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vol. 291, Psychiatry Research. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2020. p. 113190.
13. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence [Internet]. Vol. 395, The Lancet. Lancet Publishing Group; 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 13]. p. 912–20. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32112714/
14. Bakioğlu F, Korkmaz O, Ercan H. Fear of COVİD-19 and Positivity: Mediating Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. Int J Ment Health Addict [Internet]. 2020 May 28 [cited 2021 Feb 13];1–14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y
15. ARSLANTAŞ H, DEREBOY F, YÜKSEL R, İNALKAÇ S. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ-TR). Turkish J Psychiatry. 2020;31(2):122–30.
16. Kaya Noğay AE, Özen M. Birinci Basamak İçin Fiziksel Aktivite Anketinin Türkçe Uyarlamasının Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirliği. Konuralp Tıp Derg. 2019;11(1):1–8. 17. Garaulet M, Canteras M, Morales E, López-Guimera G, Sánchez-Carracedo D, Corbalán-Tutau MD. Validación de un cuestionario de comedores emocionales para uso en casos de obesidad; cuestionario de comedor emocional (CCE). Nutr Hosp [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2021 Feb 13];27(2):645–51. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22732995
18. Haktanir A, Seki T, Dilmaç B. Adaptation and evaluation of Turkish version of the fear of COVİD-19 Scale. Death Stud [Internet]. 2020 May 29 [cited 2021 Feb 17];1–9. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07481187.2020.1773026
19. Andrade EF, Pereira LJ, Oliveira APL de, Orlando DR, Alves DAG, Guilarducci J de S, et al. Perceived fear of COVİD-19 infection according to sex, age and occupational risk using the Brazilian version of the Fear of COVİD-19 Scale. Death Stud [Internet]. 2020 Aug 26 [cited 2021 Feb 17];1–10. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07481187.2020.1809786
20. Meng H, Xu Y, Dai J, Zhang Y, Liu B, Yang H. Analyze the psychological impact of COVİD-19 among the elderly population in China and make corresponding suggestions [Internet]. Vol. 289, Psychiatry Research. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 17]. p. 112983. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7151427/
21. de Leo D, Trabucchi M. COVİD-19 and the Fears of Italian Senior Citizens. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 May 20 [cited 2021 Feb 17];17(10):3572. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/10/3572
22. Soraci P, Ferrari A, Abbiati FA, Del Fante E, De Pace R, Urso A, et al. Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Version of the Fear of COVİD-19 Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict [Internet]. 2020 May 4 [cited 2021 Feb 17];1–10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00277-1
23. Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Cervigni M, Gallegos M, Martino P, Portillo N, et al. Fear of COVİD-19 scale: Validity, reliability and factorial invariance in Argentina’s general population. Death Stud [Internet]. 2020 Oct 29 [cited 2021 Feb 17];1–10. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07481187.2020.1836071
24. Shen W, Long LM, Shih CH, Ludy MJ. A humanities-based explanation for the effects of emotional eating and perceived stress on food choice motives during the COVİD-19 pandemic. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 Sep 1 [cited 2021 Feb 18];12(9):1–18. Available from: www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients
25. Papandreou C, Arija V, Aretouli E, Tsilidis KK, Bulló M. Comparing eating behaviours, and symptoms of depression and anxiety between Spain and Greece during the <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 outbreak: Cross‐sectional analysis of two different confinement strategies. Eur Eat Disord Rev [Internet]. 2020 Nov 4 [cited 2021 Feb 18];28(6):836–46. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/erv.2772
26. Roschel H, Artioli GG, Gualano B. Risk of Increased Physical Inactivity During <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 Outbreak in Older People: A Call for Actions. J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]. 2020 Jun 14 [cited 2021 Feb 19];68(6):1126–8. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jgs.16550
27. Antunes R, Frontini R, Amaro N, Salvador R, Matos R, Morouço P, et al. Exploring Lifestyle Habits, Physical Activity, Anxiety and Basic Psychological Needs in a Sample of Portuguese Adults during COVİD-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Jun 18 [cited 2021 Feb 20];17(12):4360. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/12/4360
28. Lesser IA, Nienhuis CP. The Impact of COVİD-19 on Physical Activity Behavior and Well-Being of Canadians. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 May 31 [cited 2021 Feb 20];17(11):3899. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/11/3899

Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	Sabriye Ercan 0000-0001-9500-698X Ahsen Oğul Furkan Küçük Bu kişi benim Cem Çetin
Erken Görünüm Tarihi	16 Nisan 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2021 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver	Ercan S, Oğul A, Küçük F, Çetin C. Fear of Coronavirus, Emotional Eating Behaviors, and Physical Activity Levels During the Coronavirus Pandemic in Individuals Over 65 Years of Age. Exp Appl Med Sci. 2024;2(2):154-63.

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