Araştırma Makalesi
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An Applied Research on the Role of Hometown Associations as a Social Network in Fight Aganist Poverty: Sinop Assistance and Solidarity Association, Bilecik

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1, 21 - 34, 28.06.2018

Öz

It is possible to talk about some of forms
effective methods fight aganist poverty that have emerged from the society’s
own dynamics without state intervention, even if the main aim of them is not to
reduce poverty rates directly. One of them is the interactions that become
visible as hometown associations. There are many empirical evidence that these
networks increase the social and economic well-being of the individuals. In
this context the subject of the study is the relationship between fight aganist
poverty and hometown associations as a social network. For this purpose, it is
aimed to determine the role of hometown associations in fight aganist poverty
in Sinop Assistance and Solidarity Association, Bilecik. The study was designed
using sequential-exploratory mixed research design, taking into account the
complementarity reason, and quantitative-qualitative sampling method was used.
A questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data and a semi-structured
questionnaire was used for the collection of qualitative data. The main
findings of the study are as follows: members of the hometown association have
benefited from intra-association relations with 80% for providing material and
non-material support on special occasions such as weddings and funerals, 59%
for finding job, 17% for state of emergency in health, 14% for supplying
material needs such as food, and outfit; membership and intra-association
relationships are beneficial in increasing life satisfaction, eliminating the
need for social activities, enabling people to feel safe, protecting
traditional culture, meeting with citizens and new people.

Kaynakça

  • Afridi, A. 2011. Social Networks: Their Role in Addressing Poverty. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Aksan, G. 2015. Yoksulluk ve Dayanışma Ağları, Çizgi Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Aktaş, E., Aka, A., Demir, M. C. 2006. Türkiye’de Hemşehri Dernekleri ve Kırsal Dönüşüm, MPRA Paper, No. 8646.
  • Aldridge, S., Halpern, D., Fitzpatrick, S. 2002. Social Capital: A Discussion Paper. London: Performance and Innovation Unit. (https://www.oecd.org/innovation/research/2380806.pdf)
  • Barger, S. D. 2013. Social integration, social support and mortality in The US national health interview survey. Psychosomatic Medicine, 75, 510 –517.
  • Baki, A., Gökçek, T. 2012. Karma yöntem araştırmalarına genel bir bakış. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 42(42).
  • Berkman, L. F., Glass, T. 2000. Social integration, social networks, social support, and health. Social epidemiology, 1, 137-173.
  • Bourdieu, P. 1986. The Forms of Capital. In Richardson, J. G. (eds). Handbook of theory and Research for The Sociology of Education, New York: Greenwood Press.
  • Casttell, V. 2001. Poor people, poor places, and poor health: The mediating role of social networks and social capital. Social Science & Medicine, 52(10), 1501-1516.
  • Creswell, J. 2009. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
  • Creswell, J. W., Clark, V. L. P. 2007. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research, Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
  • De Jong Gierveld, J., Van Tilburg, T., & Dykstra, P. A. 2016. Loneliness and social isolation. In A. Vangelisti, D. Perlman (eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Personal Relationships. New York: Cambridge University Press. Elliott, J. R. (1999). Social isolation and labor market insulation. The Sociological Quarterly, 40(2), 199-216.
  • Erder, S. 2000. Nerelisin Hemşehrim?, İstanbul: Küresel ile Yerel Arasında içinde (der.) Keyder, Ç., Metin Yayınları
  • Finney, N., Kapadia, D. and Peters, S. 2015. How are Poverty, Ethnicity and Social Networks Related? York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. (https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/how-are-poverty-ethnicity-and-social-networks-related)
  • Goodwin, P. J., Leszcz, M., Ennis, M., Koopmans, J., Vincent, L., Guther, H., Speca, M. 2001. The effect of group psychosocial support on survival in metastatic breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 345(24), 1719-1726.
  • González De la Rocha, M., de la Rocha, M. G. 1986. Los recursos de la pobreza, familias de bajos ingresos de Guadalajara (No. 04; HM35. 47, G6.).
  • Green, A. E., Li, Y., Owen, D., De Hoyos, M. 2012. Inequalities in use of the internet for job search: similarities and contrasts by economic status in Great Britain. Environment and Planning A, 44(10), 2344-2358.
  • Green, A. E., De Hoyos, M., Li, Y., Owen, D. 2011. Job search study: Literature review and analysis of the labour force survey. Department for Work and Pensions Research Report, 726.
  • Green, A. E., White, R. J. 2007. Attachment to Place: Social Networks, Mobility and Prospects of Young People. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
  • Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., Graham, W. F. 1989. Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational evaluation and policy analysis, 11(3), 255-274.
  • Halpern, D. 2005. Social Capital. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Hoff, A. 2008. Tackling Poverty and Social Exclusion of Older People: Lessons from Europe. Oxford: Oxford Institute of Ageing.
  • Hoye, G., Hooft, E. A., Lievens, F. 2009. Networking as a job search behaviour: A social network perspective. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(3), 661-682.
  • Johnston, R. J. 1974. Social distance, proximity and social contact: Eleven Cul-de-Sacs in Christchurch, New Zealand. Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, 56(2), 57-67.
  • Johnston, R., Pattie, C. 2011. Social networks, geography and neighbourhood effects. The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis. SAGE Publications Ltd, London, 301-311.
  • Kasinitz, P., Rosenberg, J. 1996. Missing the connection: Social isolation and employment on the Brooklyn Waterfront. Social Problems, 43(2), 180-196.
  • Kurtoğlu, A. 2005. Mekansal bir olgu olarak hemşehrilik ve bir hemşehrilik mekanı olarak dernekler. European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey, (2).
  • Lindsay, C. 2010. In a lonely place? Social networks, job seeking and the experience of long-term unemployment. Social Policy and Society, 9(1), 25-37.
  • Lomnitz, L., 1975, Como Sobreviven los Marginados, Editorial: Siglo XXI. De Jalisco, CIESAS.
  • Matthews, R., Pendakur, R., Young, N. 2009. Social capital, labour markets, and job‐finding in urban and rural regions: Comparing paths to employment in prosperous cities and stressed rural communities in Canada. The Sociological Review, 57(2), 306-330.
  • May, T., Duffy, M., Few, B., Hough, M. 2005. Understanding Drug Selling in Communities: Insider or Outsider Trading. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. (http://www.icpr.org.uk/media/5596/understnading%20drug%20selling%20in%20communities.pdf)
  • McCabe, A., Gilchrist, A., Harris, K., Afridi, A., Kyprianou, P. 2013. Making The Links: Poverty, Ethnicity and Social Networks. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. (https://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/default/files/jrf/migrated/files/poverty-ethnicity-social-networks-full_0.pdf)
  • Mollenhorst, G. 2009. Networks in Contexts: How Meeting-Opportunities Affect Personal Relationships. Enschede: Ipskamp Drukkers
  • Patsios, D. 2006. Pensioners, Poverty and Social Exclusion. in Pantazis, C., Gordon, D., & Levitas, R. (Eds.). (2006). Poverty and Social Exclusion in Britain: The Millennium Survey. Policy Press
  • Pınarcıoğlu, M., Işık, O. 2001. 1980 Sonrası dönemde kent yoksulları arasında güce dayalı ağ ilişkileri: Sultanbeyli örneği. Toplum ve Bilim, 89, 31-61.
  • Portes, A. 2000. The two meanings of social capital. Sociological Forum, 15(1), 1-12.
  • Putnam, R. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Rosas, R. E. 2001. Social networks and urban poverty, Development and Society, 30, 41-56.
  • Sen, A. 2007. Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny. Penguin Books India.
  • Shaw, A., Egan, J., Gillespie, M. 2007. Drugs and Poverty: A Literature Review, Scottish Drugs Forum for the Scottish Association of Alcohol and Drug Action Teams. (http://www.sdf.org.uk/wpcontent/uploads/2017/03/Drugs__Poverty_Literature_Review_2007.pdf)
  • Shildrick, T., MacDonald, R., Webster, C., Garthwaite, K. 2010. The Low-Pay, No-Pay Cycle. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. (https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/reducing-poverty-promoting-diverse-social-networks)
  • Shorthouse, R., Blue, B. 2015. Reducing Poverty By Promoting More Diverse Social Networks For Disadvantaged People From Ethnic Minority Groups, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
  • Shuttleworth, I., Green, A., Lloyd, C. 2008. Incapacity Benefit Claimants: Geography, Households, Decision Making and Welfare Reform. Belfast, School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology.
  • Smith, S. S. 2005. Don’t put my name on It: Social capital activation and job-finding assistance among the black urban poor. American Journal of Sociology, 111(1), 1-57.
  • Soja, E. 2009. The City and Spatial Justice. Justice spatiale/Spatial justice, 1, 1-5.
  • Uzun, G. 2013. Kentsel Kimlik Olgusu ve Hemşehri Dernekleri: İzmir Örneği, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kamu Yönetimi Anabilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir.
  • Stutz, F. P. 1973. Distance and network effects on urban social travel fields. Economic Geography, 49(2), 134-144.
  • Tuan, Y. F. 1990. Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perceptions, Attitudes, and Values. Columbia University Press.
  • Wasserman, S., Faust, K. 1994. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wheeler, J. O., Stutz, F. P. 1971. Spatial dimensions of urban social travel. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 61(2), 371-386.
  • Williams, K., Durrance, J. C. 2008. Social networks and social capital: Rethinking theory in community informatics. The Journal of Community Informatics, 4(3) (http://ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/465).
  • Woolcock, M. 1998. Social capital and economic development: Towards a theoretical synthesis and policy framework. Theory and Society (27), 151-208.
  • Woolcock, M., Narayan, D. 2000. Social capital: Implications for development theory, research, and policy. The World Bank Research Observer, 15(2), 225-249.
  • Shuttleworth, I., Green, A., Lloyd, C. 2008. Incapacity Benefit Claimants: Geography, Households, Decision Making and Welfare Reform. Belfast, School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, QUB.
  • Zhang, Y., Zhou, X., Lei, W. 2017. Social capital and Its contingent value in poverty reduction: Evidence from Western China. World Development, 93, 350-361.

BİR SOSYAL AĞ OLAN HEMŞEHRİ DERNEKLERİNİN YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELEDEKİ ROLÜ ÜZERİNE UYGULAMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA: BİLECİK SİNOPLULAR YARDIMLAŞMA VE DAYANIŞMA DERNEĞİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1, 21 - 34, 28.06.2018

Öz

Yoksullukla mücadelede devlet müdahalesi olmaksızın
toplumun kendi dinamiklerinden ortaya çıkmış, amacı doğrudan yoksulluğu
azaltmak olmasa bile bu konuda etkili bazı savaşım yöntemlerinden bahsetmek
mümkündür. Hemşehri dernekleri şeklinde görünür hale gelen etkileşimler
bunlardan biridir. Bu ağların, ağa dahil olan bireylerin sosyal ve ekonomik
anlamda refahını arttırdığına yönelik pek çok ampirik kanıt bulunmaktadır. Bu
bağlamda çalışmanın konusu bir sosyal ağ olan hemşehri derneklerinin
yoksullukla mücadeledeki rolüdür. Buna yönelik olarak hemşehri derneklerinin
yoksullukla mücadeledeki rolünün Bilecik Sinoplular Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma
Derneği örneğinde belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, sıralı açıklayıcı
karma araştırma deseni kullanılarak tasarlanmış ve olasılıklı-amaçlı örneklem
kullanılmıştır. Nicel verilerin toplanmasına yönelik anket uygulanmış, nitel
verilerin toplanmasına yönelik ise nitel görüşme yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın
temel bulguları şu şekildedir: dernek üyeleri, düğün, cenaze gibi özel günlerde
maddi ve manevi destek temininde %80, iş bulmada %59, sağlık konusundaki acil
durumlarda %17, kılık-kıyafet veya gıda yardımı gibi maddi destekler konusunda
%14 oranında dernek içi ilişkilerinden faydalanmıştır; derneğin ve dernek içi
ilişkilerin, yaşam memnuniyetini arttırma, sosyal faaliyet ihtiyacını giderme,
kendini güvende hissetme, geleneksel kültürü yaşatma, memleket hasretini giderme,
hemşehrileri ve yeni insanlarla tanışma gibi imkanlar sunarak üyelerin sosyal
yoksunlukları gidermede faydalı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Afridi, A. 2011. Social Networks: Their Role in Addressing Poverty. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Aksan, G. 2015. Yoksulluk ve Dayanışma Ağları, Çizgi Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Aktaş, E., Aka, A., Demir, M. C. 2006. Türkiye’de Hemşehri Dernekleri ve Kırsal Dönüşüm, MPRA Paper, No. 8646.
  • Aldridge, S., Halpern, D., Fitzpatrick, S. 2002. Social Capital: A Discussion Paper. London: Performance and Innovation Unit. (https://www.oecd.org/innovation/research/2380806.pdf)
  • Barger, S. D. 2013. Social integration, social support and mortality in The US national health interview survey. Psychosomatic Medicine, 75, 510 –517.
  • Baki, A., Gökçek, T. 2012. Karma yöntem araştırmalarına genel bir bakış. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 42(42).
  • Berkman, L. F., Glass, T. 2000. Social integration, social networks, social support, and health. Social epidemiology, 1, 137-173.
  • Bourdieu, P. 1986. The Forms of Capital. In Richardson, J. G. (eds). Handbook of theory and Research for The Sociology of Education, New York: Greenwood Press.
  • Casttell, V. 2001. Poor people, poor places, and poor health: The mediating role of social networks and social capital. Social Science & Medicine, 52(10), 1501-1516.
  • Creswell, J. 2009. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
  • Creswell, J. W., Clark, V. L. P. 2007. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research, Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
  • De Jong Gierveld, J., Van Tilburg, T., & Dykstra, P. A. 2016. Loneliness and social isolation. In A. Vangelisti, D. Perlman (eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Personal Relationships. New York: Cambridge University Press. Elliott, J. R. (1999). Social isolation and labor market insulation. The Sociological Quarterly, 40(2), 199-216.
  • Erder, S. 2000. Nerelisin Hemşehrim?, İstanbul: Küresel ile Yerel Arasında içinde (der.) Keyder, Ç., Metin Yayınları
  • Finney, N., Kapadia, D. and Peters, S. 2015. How are Poverty, Ethnicity and Social Networks Related? York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. (https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/how-are-poverty-ethnicity-and-social-networks-related)
  • Goodwin, P. J., Leszcz, M., Ennis, M., Koopmans, J., Vincent, L., Guther, H., Speca, M. 2001. The effect of group psychosocial support on survival in metastatic breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 345(24), 1719-1726.
  • González De la Rocha, M., de la Rocha, M. G. 1986. Los recursos de la pobreza, familias de bajos ingresos de Guadalajara (No. 04; HM35. 47, G6.).
  • Green, A. E., Li, Y., Owen, D., De Hoyos, M. 2012. Inequalities in use of the internet for job search: similarities and contrasts by economic status in Great Britain. Environment and Planning A, 44(10), 2344-2358.
  • Green, A. E., De Hoyos, M., Li, Y., Owen, D. 2011. Job search study: Literature review and analysis of the labour force survey. Department for Work and Pensions Research Report, 726.
  • Green, A. E., White, R. J. 2007. Attachment to Place: Social Networks, Mobility and Prospects of Young People. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
  • Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., Graham, W. F. 1989. Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational evaluation and policy analysis, 11(3), 255-274.
  • Halpern, D. 2005. Social Capital. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Hoff, A. 2008. Tackling Poverty and Social Exclusion of Older People: Lessons from Europe. Oxford: Oxford Institute of Ageing.
  • Hoye, G., Hooft, E. A., Lievens, F. 2009. Networking as a job search behaviour: A social network perspective. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(3), 661-682.
  • Johnston, R. J. 1974. Social distance, proximity and social contact: Eleven Cul-de-Sacs in Christchurch, New Zealand. Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, 56(2), 57-67.
  • Johnston, R., Pattie, C. 2011. Social networks, geography and neighbourhood effects. The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis. SAGE Publications Ltd, London, 301-311.
  • Kasinitz, P., Rosenberg, J. 1996. Missing the connection: Social isolation and employment on the Brooklyn Waterfront. Social Problems, 43(2), 180-196.
  • Kurtoğlu, A. 2005. Mekansal bir olgu olarak hemşehrilik ve bir hemşehrilik mekanı olarak dernekler. European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey, (2).
  • Lindsay, C. 2010. In a lonely place? Social networks, job seeking and the experience of long-term unemployment. Social Policy and Society, 9(1), 25-37.
  • Lomnitz, L., 1975, Como Sobreviven los Marginados, Editorial: Siglo XXI. De Jalisco, CIESAS.
  • Matthews, R., Pendakur, R., Young, N. 2009. Social capital, labour markets, and job‐finding in urban and rural regions: Comparing paths to employment in prosperous cities and stressed rural communities in Canada. The Sociological Review, 57(2), 306-330.
  • May, T., Duffy, M., Few, B., Hough, M. 2005. Understanding Drug Selling in Communities: Insider or Outsider Trading. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. (http://www.icpr.org.uk/media/5596/understnading%20drug%20selling%20in%20communities.pdf)
  • McCabe, A., Gilchrist, A., Harris, K., Afridi, A., Kyprianou, P. 2013. Making The Links: Poverty, Ethnicity and Social Networks. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. (https://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/default/files/jrf/migrated/files/poverty-ethnicity-social-networks-full_0.pdf)
  • Mollenhorst, G. 2009. Networks in Contexts: How Meeting-Opportunities Affect Personal Relationships. Enschede: Ipskamp Drukkers
  • Patsios, D. 2006. Pensioners, Poverty and Social Exclusion. in Pantazis, C., Gordon, D., & Levitas, R. (Eds.). (2006). Poverty and Social Exclusion in Britain: The Millennium Survey. Policy Press
  • Pınarcıoğlu, M., Işık, O. 2001. 1980 Sonrası dönemde kent yoksulları arasında güce dayalı ağ ilişkileri: Sultanbeyli örneği. Toplum ve Bilim, 89, 31-61.
  • Portes, A. 2000. The two meanings of social capital. Sociological Forum, 15(1), 1-12.
  • Putnam, R. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Rosas, R. E. 2001. Social networks and urban poverty, Development and Society, 30, 41-56.
  • Sen, A. 2007. Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny. Penguin Books India.
  • Shaw, A., Egan, J., Gillespie, M. 2007. Drugs and Poverty: A Literature Review, Scottish Drugs Forum for the Scottish Association of Alcohol and Drug Action Teams. (http://www.sdf.org.uk/wpcontent/uploads/2017/03/Drugs__Poverty_Literature_Review_2007.pdf)
  • Shildrick, T., MacDonald, R., Webster, C., Garthwaite, K. 2010. The Low-Pay, No-Pay Cycle. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. (https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/reducing-poverty-promoting-diverse-social-networks)
  • Shorthouse, R., Blue, B. 2015. Reducing Poverty By Promoting More Diverse Social Networks For Disadvantaged People From Ethnic Minority Groups, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
  • Shuttleworth, I., Green, A., Lloyd, C. 2008. Incapacity Benefit Claimants: Geography, Households, Decision Making and Welfare Reform. Belfast, School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology.
  • Smith, S. S. 2005. Don’t put my name on It: Social capital activation and job-finding assistance among the black urban poor. American Journal of Sociology, 111(1), 1-57.
  • Soja, E. 2009. The City and Spatial Justice. Justice spatiale/Spatial justice, 1, 1-5.
  • Uzun, G. 2013. Kentsel Kimlik Olgusu ve Hemşehri Dernekleri: İzmir Örneği, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kamu Yönetimi Anabilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir.
  • Stutz, F. P. 1973. Distance and network effects on urban social travel fields. Economic Geography, 49(2), 134-144.
  • Tuan, Y. F. 1990. Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perceptions, Attitudes, and Values. Columbia University Press.
  • Wasserman, S., Faust, K. 1994. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wheeler, J. O., Stutz, F. P. 1971. Spatial dimensions of urban social travel. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 61(2), 371-386.
  • Williams, K., Durrance, J. C. 2008. Social networks and social capital: Rethinking theory in community informatics. The Journal of Community Informatics, 4(3) (http://ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/465).
  • Woolcock, M. 1998. Social capital and economic development: Towards a theoretical synthesis and policy framework. Theory and Society (27), 151-208.
  • Woolcock, M., Narayan, D. 2000. Social capital: Implications for development theory, research, and policy. The World Bank Research Observer, 15(2), 225-249.
  • Shuttleworth, I., Green, A., Lloyd, C. 2008. Incapacity Benefit Claimants: Geography, Households, Decision Making and Welfare Reform. Belfast, School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, QUB.
  • Zhang, Y., Zhou, X., Lei, W. 2017. Social capital and Its contingent value in poverty reduction: Evidence from Western China. World Development, 93, 350-361.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Öznur Akgiş

Erdal Karadaş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Şubat 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Akgiş, Ö., & Karadaş, E. (2018). BİR SOSYAL AĞ OLAN HEMŞEHRİ DERNEKLERİNİN YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELEDEKİ ROLÜ ÜZERİNE UYGULAMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA: BİLECİK SİNOPLULAR YARDIMLAŞMA VE DAYANIŞMA DERNEĞİ. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 27(1), 21-34.