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Comparison of Cluster Analysis and Latent Class Analysis for the Detection of Fake Responses on Personality Tests

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 35 - 49, 31.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.1327395

Öz

This study compared the effectiveness of cluster analysis and latent class analysis in detecting fake responses in personality tests. A post-test control group design was employed involving 543 11th-grade students from eight different high schools in Şanlıurfa province during the 2021–2022 academic year. The experimental group was instructed to portray a positive personality profile on the test and provide deceptive responses, as their admission to a university program was contingent on this. Conversely, the control group was asked to represent themselves truthfully and provide honest responses. In this study, the initial focus was on assessing the validity and reliability of the scores obtained from the personality test. Subsequently, a comparison was made between the scores of the participants in the experimental and control groups for each sub-dimension of the personality test to determine if there was a significant difference. The findings revealed a significant difference in mean scores between the two groups, favoring the experimental group. Moreover, the results obtained from Cluster Analysis and Latent Class Analysis demonstrated that Latent Class Analysis outperformed Cluster Analysis in detecting fake respondents, exhibiting a lower error rate.

Kaynakça

  • Adair, C., K. (2014). Interventions for addressing faking on personality assessments for employee selection: A meta-analysis. [Doctoral Dissertation, DePaul University], College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations. https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd/93
  • Aybek, E. C. & Çıkrıkçı, R. N. (2018). Kendini değerlendirme envanteri’nin bilgisayar ortamında bireye uyarlanmış test olarak uygulanabilirliği [Applicability of the Self Assessment Inventory as a Computerized Adaptive Test]. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 8 (50), 117-141.
  • Baykul, Y. (2015). Eğitimde ve psikolojide ölçme: Klâsik test teorisi ve uygulaması. (3. Baskı). Pegem Akademi.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. Şekercioğlu, G. & Çokluk, Ö. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. (6. Baskı). Pegem Akademi.
  • Cohen, R. J., & Swerdlik, M. (2009). Psychological testing and assessment (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Demetriou, C., Uzun Özer, B. & Essa, C. A. (2015). Self-Report Questionnaires. The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology, First Edition. Edited by Robin L. Cautin and Scott O. Lilienfeld. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp507
  • Dibao-Dina, C., Caille, A., Sautenet, B., Chazelle, E., & Giraudeau, B. (2014). Rationale for unequal randomization in clinical trials is rarely reported: a systematic review. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 67(10), 1070–1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.05.015
  • Embretson, S. E., & Reise, S. P. (2000). Item response theory for psychologists. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Erzen, E., Yurtçu, M., Ulu Kalın, Ö., & Koçoğlu, E. (2021). Development Of Social Desirability Scale: Validity and Reliability Study. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 20 (78); 879-891. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.774947
  • Everitt, B., Landau, S., Leese, M., & Stahl, D. (2011). Cluster analysis (5th ed.). Wiley.
  • Geiser, C. (2013). Data analysis with Mplus. Guilford.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
  • Holland, J. L. (1973). Making vocational choices: A theory of careers. Prentice-Hall.
  • Huber, C. R. (2017). Faking and the validity of personality tests: using new faking-resistant measures to study some old questions. [Doctoral Dissertation, Minnesota University]. https://hdl.handle.net/11299/185605.
  • Kang, W., & Malvaso, A. (2023). Associations between Personality Traits and Areas of Job Satisfaction: Pay, Work Itself, Security, and Hours Worked. Behavioral Sciences, 13(6), 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13060445
  • Keith, T. Z. (2015). Multiple regression and beyond: An introduction to multiple regression and structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Kline, P. (1999). The handbook of psychological testing (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. (2nd ed.). Guilford.
  • Kubinger, K. D. (2002). On faking personality inventories. Psychologische Beiträge, 44 (1), 10-16. https://www.proquest.com/docview/212173478
  • Kutlu, M., & Pamuk, M. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinde cep telefonunun problemli kullanımının kişilik bağlamında incelenmesi [Investigation of university students’ problematic usage of mobile phone in the context of personality]. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(2), 1263–1272. https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/4073
  • Magidson, J., & Vermunt, J. (2002). Latent class models for clustering: A comparison with K-means. Canadian Journal of Marketing Research, 20(1), 36-43.
  • Maniaci, M. R., & Rogge, R. D. (2014). Caring about carelessness: Participant inattention and its effects on research. Journal of Research in Personality, 48, 61–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.09.008
  • Mehrens, W. A., & Lehmann, I. J. (1991). Measurement and evaluation in education and psychology (4th ed.). Wadsworth.
  • Morsünbül, Ü. (2014). Hızlı büyük beşli kişilik testi Türkçe versiyonu geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [The validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of Quick Big Five Personality Test]. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 27(4), 316-322. https://doi.org/10.5350/dajpn2014270405
  • Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Pişkin, M. (2020). Kariyer gelişim sürecini etkileyen faktörler. B. Yeşilyaprak (Ed.), Mesleki Rehberlik ve Kariyer Danışmanlığı Kuramdan Uygulamaya (s. 45-90) içinde. Pegem Akademi.
  • Rassart, J., Luyckx, K., Goossens, E., Apers, S., Klimstra, T. A., & Moons, P. (2013). Personality traits, quality of life and perceived health in adolescents with congenital heart disease. Psychology & Health, 28(3), 319 -335. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2012.729836
  • Rothstein, M. G., & Goffin, R. D. (2006). The use of personality measures in personnel selection: What does current research support? Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 155-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.03.004
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları. 3(6), 49-74.
  • Şimşek, A. S., & Tavşancıl, E. (2022). Validity and reliability of Turkish version of skills confidence inventory. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 12(64), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1096008
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. (6th ed.) Pearson.
  • Thorndike, R. M., & Thorndike-Christ, T. M. (2013). Measurement and evaluation in psychology and education (8th ed.). Pearson.
  • Törnroos, M., Jokela, M., & Hakulinen, C. (2019). The relationship between personality and job satisfaction across occupations. Personality and Individual Differences, 145, 82-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.03.027
  • Turgut, M. F., & Baykul, Y. (2019). Eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme (8. Baskı). Pegem Akademi. van der Linden, D., Scholte, R. H. J., Cillessen, A. H. N., Nijenhuis, J. t., & Segers, E. (2010). Classroom ratings of likeability and popularity are related to the Big Five and the general factor of personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(5), 669–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.08.007
  • Vermulst, A. A., & Gerris, J. R. (2005). QBF: Quick big five persoonlijkheidstest handleiding (Quick big five personality test manual). Leeuwarden: LDC.
  • Vermunt, J. K., & Magidson, J. (2002). Latent class cluster analyses. In J. A. Hagenaars & A. L. McCutcheon (Eds.), Applied latent class analysis (pp. 89-107). Cambridge University Press.
  • Vermunt, J. K., & Magidson, J. (2005). Latent GOLD 4.0 user's guide. Statistical Innovations Inc.
  • Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D. S. (1999). Meta-analyses of fakability estimates: Implications for personality measurement. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 59(2), 197-210. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131649921969802
  • Westland, J. C. (2019). Structural equation models: From paths to networks. (2nd ed.). Springer.
  • Wetzel, E., Böhnke, J. R., & Brown, A. (2016). Response biases. In F. T. L. Leong, D. Bartram, F. M. Cheung, K. F. Geisinger, & D. Iliescu (Eds.), The ITC international handbook of testing and assessment (pp. 349–363). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199356942.003.0024
  • Widhiarso, W., & Himam, F. (2015). Employee recruitment: Identifying response distortion on the personality measure. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 20(1), 14-21. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201505061735
  • Yankov, G. P. (2019). Faking on personality tests: The relationship between intelligence and personality. [Doctoral dissertation, Bowling Green State University]. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/psychology_diss/206
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 35 - 49, 31.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.1327395

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adair, C., K. (2014). Interventions for addressing faking on personality assessments for employee selection: A meta-analysis. [Doctoral Dissertation, DePaul University], College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations. https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd/93
  • Aybek, E. C. & Çıkrıkçı, R. N. (2018). Kendini değerlendirme envanteri’nin bilgisayar ortamında bireye uyarlanmış test olarak uygulanabilirliği [Applicability of the Self Assessment Inventory as a Computerized Adaptive Test]. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 8 (50), 117-141.
  • Baykul, Y. (2015). Eğitimde ve psikolojide ölçme: Klâsik test teorisi ve uygulaması. (3. Baskı). Pegem Akademi.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. Şekercioğlu, G. & Çokluk, Ö. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. (6. Baskı). Pegem Akademi.
  • Cohen, R. J., & Swerdlik, M. (2009). Psychological testing and assessment (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Demetriou, C., Uzun Özer, B. & Essa, C. A. (2015). Self-Report Questionnaires. The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology, First Edition. Edited by Robin L. Cautin and Scott O. Lilienfeld. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp507
  • Dibao-Dina, C., Caille, A., Sautenet, B., Chazelle, E., & Giraudeau, B. (2014). Rationale for unequal randomization in clinical trials is rarely reported: a systematic review. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 67(10), 1070–1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.05.015
  • Embretson, S. E., & Reise, S. P. (2000). Item response theory for psychologists. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Erzen, E., Yurtçu, M., Ulu Kalın, Ö., & Koçoğlu, E. (2021). Development Of Social Desirability Scale: Validity and Reliability Study. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 20 (78); 879-891. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.774947
  • Everitt, B., Landau, S., Leese, M., & Stahl, D. (2011). Cluster analysis (5th ed.). Wiley.
  • Geiser, C. (2013). Data analysis with Mplus. Guilford.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
  • Holland, J. L. (1973). Making vocational choices: A theory of careers. Prentice-Hall.
  • Huber, C. R. (2017). Faking and the validity of personality tests: using new faking-resistant measures to study some old questions. [Doctoral Dissertation, Minnesota University]. https://hdl.handle.net/11299/185605.
  • Kang, W., & Malvaso, A. (2023). Associations between Personality Traits and Areas of Job Satisfaction: Pay, Work Itself, Security, and Hours Worked. Behavioral Sciences, 13(6), 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13060445
  • Keith, T. Z. (2015). Multiple regression and beyond: An introduction to multiple regression and structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Kline, P. (1999). The handbook of psychological testing (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. (2nd ed.). Guilford.
  • Kubinger, K. D. (2002). On faking personality inventories. Psychologische Beiträge, 44 (1), 10-16. https://www.proquest.com/docview/212173478
  • Kutlu, M., & Pamuk, M. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinde cep telefonunun problemli kullanımının kişilik bağlamında incelenmesi [Investigation of university students’ problematic usage of mobile phone in the context of personality]. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(2), 1263–1272. https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/4073
  • Magidson, J., & Vermunt, J. (2002). Latent class models for clustering: A comparison with K-means. Canadian Journal of Marketing Research, 20(1), 36-43.
  • Maniaci, M. R., & Rogge, R. D. (2014). Caring about carelessness: Participant inattention and its effects on research. Journal of Research in Personality, 48, 61–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.09.008
  • Mehrens, W. A., & Lehmann, I. J. (1991). Measurement and evaluation in education and psychology (4th ed.). Wadsworth.
  • Morsünbül, Ü. (2014). Hızlı büyük beşli kişilik testi Türkçe versiyonu geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [The validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of Quick Big Five Personality Test]. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 27(4), 316-322. https://doi.org/10.5350/dajpn2014270405
  • Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Pişkin, M. (2020). Kariyer gelişim sürecini etkileyen faktörler. B. Yeşilyaprak (Ed.), Mesleki Rehberlik ve Kariyer Danışmanlığı Kuramdan Uygulamaya (s. 45-90) içinde. Pegem Akademi.
  • Rassart, J., Luyckx, K., Goossens, E., Apers, S., Klimstra, T. A., & Moons, P. (2013). Personality traits, quality of life and perceived health in adolescents with congenital heart disease. Psychology & Health, 28(3), 319 -335. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2012.729836
  • Rothstein, M. G., & Goffin, R. D. (2006). The use of personality measures in personnel selection: What does current research support? Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 155-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.03.004
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları. 3(6), 49-74.
  • Şimşek, A. S., & Tavşancıl, E. (2022). Validity and reliability of Turkish version of skills confidence inventory. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 12(64), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1096008
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. (6th ed.) Pearson.
  • Thorndike, R. M., & Thorndike-Christ, T. M. (2013). Measurement and evaluation in psychology and education (8th ed.). Pearson.
  • Törnroos, M., Jokela, M., & Hakulinen, C. (2019). The relationship between personality and job satisfaction across occupations. Personality and Individual Differences, 145, 82-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.03.027
  • Turgut, M. F., & Baykul, Y. (2019). Eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme (8. Baskı). Pegem Akademi. van der Linden, D., Scholte, R. H. J., Cillessen, A. H. N., Nijenhuis, J. t., & Segers, E. (2010). Classroom ratings of likeability and popularity are related to the Big Five and the general factor of personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(5), 669–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.08.007
  • Vermulst, A. A., & Gerris, J. R. (2005). QBF: Quick big five persoonlijkheidstest handleiding (Quick big five personality test manual). Leeuwarden: LDC.
  • Vermunt, J. K., & Magidson, J. (2002). Latent class cluster analyses. In J. A. Hagenaars & A. L. McCutcheon (Eds.), Applied latent class analysis (pp. 89-107). Cambridge University Press.
  • Vermunt, J. K., & Magidson, J. (2005). Latent GOLD 4.0 user's guide. Statistical Innovations Inc.
  • Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D. S. (1999). Meta-analyses of fakability estimates: Implications for personality measurement. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 59(2), 197-210. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131649921969802
  • Westland, J. C. (2019). Structural equation models: From paths to networks. (2nd ed.). Springer.
  • Wetzel, E., Böhnke, J. R., & Brown, A. (2016). Response biases. In F. T. L. Leong, D. Bartram, F. M. Cheung, K. F. Geisinger, & D. Iliescu (Eds.), The ITC international handbook of testing and assessment (pp. 349–363). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199356942.003.0024
  • Widhiarso, W., & Himam, F. (2015). Employee recruitment: Identifying response distortion on the personality measure. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 20(1), 14-21. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201505061735
  • Yankov, G. P. (2019). Faking on personality tests: The relationship between intelligence and personality. [Doctoral dissertation, Bowling Green State University]. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/psychology_diss/206
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İstatistiksel Analiz Teknikleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İbrahim Şahin 0000-0003-4972-3552

Seher Yalçın 0000-0003-0177-6727

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 4 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Şahin, İ., & Yalçın, S. (2024). Comparison of Cluster Analysis and Latent Class Analysis for the Detection of Fake Responses on Personality Tests. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 15(1), 35-49. https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.1327395