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Some Anaerobic Performance Variation From Morning to Evening: Warm up With Different Music Rythm Impacts Performance and Its Diurnal Amplitude in Intellectual Disabled People

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 82 - 90, 27.06.2023

Ahmet Kurtoğlu

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1248438

Öz

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of functional warm-up (FWU) in different musical rhythms on anaerobic performance of mentally retarded individuals from morning to evening. Fourteen (7 male, 7 female) moderately and mildly ID individuals aged 11-14 years participated in this study. In the study, participants received no music (NM), a low music phase (LMP) phase (80-90 bpm), a modarate musical rhythm phase (MMP) (130-140 bpm), and a high music phase (HMP) (170-180 bpm) with FWU applied. To determine anaerobic performance after FWU protocol. FWU and then Sargent protocol vertical jump test was performed while playing music. The same procedure was repeated in the morning (between 08:00 a.m.-10:00 a.m.) and in the evening (between 16:00 p.m.-18:00 p.m.). In the study, participants' anaerobic power level increased significantly from morning to evening as the music rhythm increased (p= .000, F=8.643). According to the post-hoch test, there was a significant difference between the NM phase in the morning (M) and the MMP-M (p= .003), the HMP-M (p= .003), the MMP in the evening (E) (p=.003), and the HMP-E (p= .001). There was no significant difference between the LMP, MMP and HMP values in the morning and the music given in the evening. According to the results of our study, the anaerobic power values of the ID individuals were higher in the evening. However, it was found that they could reach their performance level in the evening if they listened to low, moderate and high rhythm music in the morning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Intellectual Disabled People Diurnal Variation Music Rhythm Anaerobic Performance

Teşekkür

We would like to thank the ID individuals and their families who participated in the study. We would also like to thank all of teachers who helped us during the study.

Kaynakça

  • American College of Sports Medicine. (2018). ACSM’s Guidelines For Exercise Testing And Prescription (10th editi). Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams Wilkins Heal.
  • Atan, T. (2013). Effect Of Musıc On Anaerobıc Exercıse Performance. Biology of Sport, 30(1), 35–39. https://doi.org/10.5604/ 2083 1862.1029819
  • Ayán-Pé Rez, C., Cancela-Carral, J. M., Lago-Ballesteros, J., & Martínez-Lemos, I. (2017). Reliability of Sargent Jump Test in 4-to 5-Year-Old Children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 124(1), 39–57. https://doi.org/10.11 77 /0031512516676174
  • Ballmann, C. G., McCullum, M. J., Rogers, R. R., Marshall, M. M., & Williams, T. D. (2018). Effects of Preferred vs. Nonpreferred Music on Resistance Exercise Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,PublishAh.https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002981
  • Bayrakdaroğlu, S., Eken, Ö., Yagin, F. H., Bayer, R., Gulu, M., Akyildiz, Z., & Nobari, H. (2022). Warm up with music and visual feedback can effect Wingate performance in futsal players. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 14(1), 205. https://doi. org/10.1186/s13102-022-00601-3
  • Belkhir, Y., Rekik, G., Chtourou, H., & Souissi, N. (2020). Effect of listening to synchronous versus motivational music during warm-up on the diurnal variation of short-term maximal performance and subjective experiences. Chronobiology International, 37(11), 1611–1620. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 07420528.2020 .1797764
  • Bessa, C., Hastie, P., Araújo, R., & Mesquita, I. (2019). What Do We Know About the Development of Personal and Social Skills within the Sport Education Model: A Systematic Review. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 18(4), 812–829. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31827367
  • Blanchet, P., Bebin, M., Bruet, S., Cooper, G. M., Thompson, M. L., Duban-Bedu, B., Gerard, B., Piton, A., Suckno, S., Deshpande, C., Clowes, V., Vogt, J., Turnpenny, P., Williamson, M. P., Alembik, Y., Glasgow, E., & McNeill, A. (2017). MYT1L mutations cause intellectual disability and variable obesity by dysregulating gene expression and development of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus. PLOS Genetics, 13(8), e1006957.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006957
  • Blumenstein, B., Bar‐Eli, M., & Tenenbaum, G. (1995). The augmenting role of biofeedback: Effects of autogenic, imagery and music training on physiological indices and athletic performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 13(4),343–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264 0419508732248
  • Boyle, M. (2004). Functional training for sports: superior conditioning for today’s athlete. Human Kinetics.7
  • Bui, H. T., Farinas, M.-I., Fortin, A.-M., Comtois, A.-S., & Leone, M. (2014). Comparison and analysis of three different methods to evaluate vertical jump height Summary Correspondence.https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12148
  • Castañeda-Babarro, A., Marqués-Jiménez, D., Calleja-González, J., Viribay, A., León-Guereño, P., & Mielgo-Ayuso, J. (2020). Effect of Listening to Music on Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4564. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijerph17124564
  • Cherif, M., Said, M. A., Bannour, K., Alhumaid, M. M., Chaifa, M. Ben, Khammassi, M., & Aouidet, A. (2022). Anthropometry, body composition, and athletic performance in specific field tests in Paralympic athletes with different disabilities. Heliyon, 8(3), e09023.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09023
  • Chtourou, H., Chaouachi, A., Hammouda, O., Chamari, K., & Souissi, N. (2012). Listening to Music Affects Diurnal Variation in Muscle Power Output. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(01), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1284398
  • Edworthy, J., & Waring, H. (2006). The effects of music tempo and loudness level on treadmill exercise. Ergonomics, 49(15), 1597–1610. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130600899104
  • Eken, Ö., Yagin, F. H., Eken, I., Gabrys, T., Knappova, V., Bayrakdaroglu, S., Akyildiz, Z., & Nobari, H. (2022). Diurnal variation in Uchikomi fitness test performance: Influence of warm-up protocols. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2022.1059727
  • Geng, Y.-J., Smolensky, M. H., Sum-Ping, O., Hermida, R., & Castriotta, R. J. (2022). Circadian rhythms of risk factors and management in atherosclerotic and hypertensive vascular disease: Modern chronobiological perspectives of an ancient disease. Chronobiology International, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2022.2080557
  • Hammad, R., Baker, A. A., Schatte, J., Alqaraan, A., Almulla, A., & Hammad, S. (2019). The Effect of Different Musical Rhythms on Anaerobic Abilities in Taekwondo Athletes. Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 9(2), 150. https://doi.org/ 10. 55 39/jedp.v9n2p150
  • Hammami, M., Gaamouri, N., Aloui, G., Shephard, R. J., & Chelly, M. S. (2019). Effects of Combined Plyometric and Short Sprint With Change-of-Direction Training on Athletic Performance of Male U15 Handball Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(3), 662–675. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002870
  • Hoekstra, F., Roberts, L., van Lindert, C., Martin Ginis, K. A., van der Woude, L. H. V., & McColl, M. A. (2019). National approaches to promote sports and physical activity in adults with disabilities: examples from the Netherlands and Canada. Disability and Rehabilitation, 41(10), 1217–1226. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2017.1423402
  • Hofman, M., & Swaab, D. (2006). Living by the clock: The circadian pacemaker in older people. Ageing Research Reviews, 5(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2005.07.001
  • Iyer, P., Shetty, T., Ganesan, S., Nair, S., Rao, N., & Mullerpatan, R. (2019). Exploration of Sports Participation in Children with Mild Intellectual Disability. Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 31(1), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevPhys Rehabil Med.2019029960
  • Karageorghis, C., Jones, L., & Stuart, D. (2008). Psychological Effects of Music Tempi during Exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(7), 613–619. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-989266
  • Karvonen MJ, Kentala E, M. O. (1957). The effects of training on heart rate: a longitudinal study. Annales Medicinae Experimentalis et Biologiae Fenniae, 35, 307–315.
  • Kusumoto, H., Ta, C., Brown, S. M., & Mulcahey, M. K. (2021). Factors Contributing to Diurnal Variation in Athletic Performance and Methods to Reduce Within-Day Performance Variation: A Systematic Review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(12S), S119–S135.https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003758
  • Martin, T., Moussay, S., Bulla, I., Bulla, J., Toupet, M., Etard, O., Denise, P., Davenne, D., Coquerel, A., & Quarck, G. (2016). Exploration of Circadian Rhythms in Patients with Bilateral Vestibular Loss. PLOS ONE, 11(6), e0155067. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0155067
  • Nakamura, P. M., Pereira, G., Papini, C. B., Nakamura, F. Y., & Kokubun, E. (2010). Effects of Preferred and Nonpreferred Music on Continuous Cycling Exercise Performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 110(1), 257–264. https://doi.org/10.2466/ pms.110.1.257-264
  • Nes, B. M., Janszky, I., Wisløff, U., Støylen, A., & Karlsen, T. (2013). Age-predicted maximal heart rate in healthy subjects: The HUNT Fitness Study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 23(6), 697–704.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.201 2.01445.x
  • Nişli M.Y., Şirinkan, A., Acar, Z.A., Öz Nişli, E. and Toy, H. (2021). The Investigation of Acquisition Sufficiency of Physical Education Lesson Aims in A Special Education School in Turkey: A Pilot Study. Int J Disabil Sports Health Sci;4(1):24-37. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.800381
  • Pates, J., Karageorghis, C. ., Fryer, R., & Maynard, I. (2003). Effects of asynchronous music on flow states and shooting performance among netball players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4(4), 415–427. https://doi.org/10. 1016/S14690292(02)00039-0
  • Reilly, T., Atkinson, G., Edwards, B., Waterhouse, J., Farrelly, K., & Fairhurst, E. (2007). Diurnal Variation in Temperature, Mental and Physical Performance, and Tasks Specifically Related to Football (Soccer). Chronobiology International, 24(3), 507–519. https://doi.org/10.1080/074205207014 20709
  • Rosa, J. P. P., Rodrigues, D. F., Silva, A., Moura Simim, M. A. de, Costa, V. T., Noce, F., & de Mello, M. T. (2016). 2016 Rio Olympic Games: Can the schedule of events compromise athletes’ performance? Chronobiology International, 33(4), 435–440. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2016. 1150290
  • Schroder, E. A., Burgess, D. E., Zhang, X., Lefta, M., Smith, J. L., Patwardhan, A., Bartos, D. C., Elayi, C. S., Esser, K. A., & Delisle, B. P. (2015). The cardiomyocyte molecular clock regulates the circadian expression of Kcnh2 and contributes to ventricular repolarization. Heart Rhythm, 12(6), 1306–1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2015. 02.019
  • Simpson, S. D., & Karageorghis, C. I. (2006). The effects of synchronous music on 400-m sprint performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(10), 1095–1102. https://doi.org /10.1080/02640410500432789
  • Tate, A. R., Gennings, C., Hoffman, R. A., Strittmatter, A. P., & Retchin, S. M. (2012). Effects of Bone-Conducted Music on Swimming Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(4), 982–988. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822dcdaf
  • Waterhouse, J., Drust, B., Weinert, D., Edwards, B., Gregson, W., Atkinson, G., Kao, S., Aizawa, S., & Reilly, T. (2005). The Circadian Rhythm of Core Temperature: Origin and some Implications for Exercise Performance. Chronobiology International, 22(2), 207–225. https://doi.org/10.1081/CBI-200053477
  • Yılmaz, A., Gümüşay, A. and Akkaya, C.C. (2021). Examination of Elite Physically Disabled Athletes' Motivation Levels of Participation in Sports. Int J Disabil Sports Health Sci; 4(2):86-99 https://doi.org/ 10.33438/ijdshs.930603

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 82 - 90, 27.06.2023

Ahmet Kurtoğlu

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1248438

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Intellectual Disabled People Diurnal Variation Music Rhythm Anaerobic Performance

Kaynakça

  • American College of Sports Medicine. (2018). ACSM’s Guidelines For Exercise Testing And Prescription (10th editi). Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams Wilkins Heal.
  • Atan, T. (2013). Effect Of Musıc On Anaerobıc Exercıse Performance. Biology of Sport, 30(1), 35–39. https://doi.org/10.5604/ 2083 1862.1029819
  • Ayán-Pé Rez, C., Cancela-Carral, J. M., Lago-Ballesteros, J., & Martínez-Lemos, I. (2017). Reliability of Sargent Jump Test in 4-to 5-Year-Old Children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 124(1), 39–57. https://doi.org/10.11 77 /0031512516676174
  • Ballmann, C. G., McCullum, M. J., Rogers, R. R., Marshall, M. M., & Williams, T. D. (2018). Effects of Preferred vs. Nonpreferred Music on Resistance Exercise Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,PublishAh.https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002981
  • Bayrakdaroğlu, S., Eken, Ö., Yagin, F. H., Bayer, R., Gulu, M., Akyildiz, Z., & Nobari, H. (2022). Warm up with music and visual feedback can effect Wingate performance in futsal players. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 14(1), 205. https://doi. org/10.1186/s13102-022-00601-3
  • Belkhir, Y., Rekik, G., Chtourou, H., & Souissi, N. (2020). Effect of listening to synchronous versus motivational music during warm-up on the diurnal variation of short-term maximal performance and subjective experiences. Chronobiology International, 37(11), 1611–1620. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 07420528.2020 .1797764
  • Bessa, C., Hastie, P., Araújo, R., & Mesquita, I. (2019). What Do We Know About the Development of Personal and Social Skills within the Sport Education Model: A Systematic Review. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 18(4), 812–829. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31827367
  • Blanchet, P., Bebin, M., Bruet, S., Cooper, G. M., Thompson, M. L., Duban-Bedu, B., Gerard, B., Piton, A., Suckno, S., Deshpande, C., Clowes, V., Vogt, J., Turnpenny, P., Williamson, M. P., Alembik, Y., Glasgow, E., & McNeill, A. (2017). MYT1L mutations cause intellectual disability and variable obesity by dysregulating gene expression and development of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus. PLOS Genetics, 13(8), e1006957.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006957
  • Blumenstein, B., Bar‐Eli, M., & Tenenbaum, G. (1995). The augmenting role of biofeedback: Effects of autogenic, imagery and music training on physiological indices and athletic performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 13(4),343–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264 0419508732248
  • Boyle, M. (2004). Functional training for sports: superior conditioning for today’s athlete. Human Kinetics.7
  • Bui, H. T., Farinas, M.-I., Fortin, A.-M., Comtois, A.-S., & Leone, M. (2014). Comparison and analysis of three different methods to evaluate vertical jump height Summary Correspondence.https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12148
  • Castañeda-Babarro, A., Marqués-Jiménez, D., Calleja-González, J., Viribay, A., León-Guereño, P., & Mielgo-Ayuso, J. (2020). Effect of Listening to Music on Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4564. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijerph17124564
  • Cherif, M., Said, M. A., Bannour, K., Alhumaid, M. M., Chaifa, M. Ben, Khammassi, M., & Aouidet, A. (2022). Anthropometry, body composition, and athletic performance in specific field tests in Paralympic athletes with different disabilities. Heliyon, 8(3), e09023.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09023
  • Chtourou, H., Chaouachi, A., Hammouda, O., Chamari, K., & Souissi, N. (2012). Listening to Music Affects Diurnal Variation in Muscle Power Output. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(01), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1284398
  • Edworthy, J., & Waring, H. (2006). The effects of music tempo and loudness level on treadmill exercise. Ergonomics, 49(15), 1597–1610. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130600899104
  • Eken, Ö., Yagin, F. H., Eken, I., Gabrys, T., Knappova, V., Bayrakdaroglu, S., Akyildiz, Z., & Nobari, H. (2022). Diurnal variation in Uchikomi fitness test performance: Influence of warm-up protocols. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2022.1059727
  • Geng, Y.-J., Smolensky, M. H., Sum-Ping, O., Hermida, R., & Castriotta, R. J. (2022). Circadian rhythms of risk factors and management in atherosclerotic and hypertensive vascular disease: Modern chronobiological perspectives of an ancient disease. Chronobiology International, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2022.2080557
  • Hammad, R., Baker, A. A., Schatte, J., Alqaraan, A., Almulla, A., & Hammad, S. (2019). The Effect of Different Musical Rhythms on Anaerobic Abilities in Taekwondo Athletes. Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 9(2), 150. https://doi.org/ 10. 55 39/jedp.v9n2p150
  • Hammami, M., Gaamouri, N., Aloui, G., Shephard, R. J., & Chelly, M. S. (2019). Effects of Combined Plyometric and Short Sprint With Change-of-Direction Training on Athletic Performance of Male U15 Handball Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(3), 662–675. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002870
  • Hoekstra, F., Roberts, L., van Lindert, C., Martin Ginis, K. A., van der Woude, L. H. V., & McColl, M. A. (2019). National approaches to promote sports and physical activity in adults with disabilities: examples from the Netherlands and Canada. Disability and Rehabilitation, 41(10), 1217–1226. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2017.1423402
  • Hofman, M., & Swaab, D. (2006). Living by the clock: The circadian pacemaker in older people. Ageing Research Reviews, 5(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2005.07.001
  • Iyer, P., Shetty, T., Ganesan, S., Nair, S., Rao, N., & Mullerpatan, R. (2019). Exploration of Sports Participation in Children with Mild Intellectual Disability. Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 31(1), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevPhys Rehabil Med.2019029960
  • Karageorghis, C., Jones, L., & Stuart, D. (2008). Psychological Effects of Music Tempi during Exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(7), 613–619. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-989266
  • Karvonen MJ, Kentala E, M. O. (1957). The effects of training on heart rate: a longitudinal study. Annales Medicinae Experimentalis et Biologiae Fenniae, 35, 307–315.
  • Kusumoto, H., Ta, C., Brown, S. M., & Mulcahey, M. K. (2021). Factors Contributing to Diurnal Variation in Athletic Performance and Methods to Reduce Within-Day Performance Variation: A Systematic Review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(12S), S119–S135.https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003758
  • Martin, T., Moussay, S., Bulla, I., Bulla, J., Toupet, M., Etard, O., Denise, P., Davenne, D., Coquerel, A., & Quarck, G. (2016). Exploration of Circadian Rhythms in Patients with Bilateral Vestibular Loss. PLOS ONE, 11(6), e0155067. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0155067
  • Nakamura, P. M., Pereira, G., Papini, C. B., Nakamura, F. Y., & Kokubun, E. (2010). Effects of Preferred and Nonpreferred Music on Continuous Cycling Exercise Performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 110(1), 257–264. https://doi.org/10.2466/ pms.110.1.257-264
  • Nes, B. M., Janszky, I., Wisløff, U., Støylen, A., & Karlsen, T. (2013). Age-predicted maximal heart rate in healthy subjects: The HUNT Fitness Study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 23(6), 697–704.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.201 2.01445.x
  • Nişli M.Y., Şirinkan, A., Acar, Z.A., Öz Nişli, E. and Toy, H. (2021). The Investigation of Acquisition Sufficiency of Physical Education Lesson Aims in A Special Education School in Turkey: A Pilot Study. Int J Disabil Sports Health Sci;4(1):24-37. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.800381
  • Pates, J., Karageorghis, C. ., Fryer, R., & Maynard, I. (2003). Effects of asynchronous music on flow states and shooting performance among netball players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4(4), 415–427. https://doi.org/10. 1016/S14690292(02)00039-0
  • Reilly, T., Atkinson, G., Edwards, B., Waterhouse, J., Farrelly, K., & Fairhurst, E. (2007). Diurnal Variation in Temperature, Mental and Physical Performance, and Tasks Specifically Related to Football (Soccer). Chronobiology International, 24(3), 507–519. https://doi.org/10.1080/074205207014 20709
  • Rosa, J. P. P., Rodrigues, D. F., Silva, A., Moura Simim, M. A. de, Costa, V. T., Noce, F., & de Mello, M. T. (2016). 2016 Rio Olympic Games: Can the schedule of events compromise athletes’ performance? Chronobiology International, 33(4), 435–440. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2016. 1150290
  • Schroder, E. A., Burgess, D. E., Zhang, X., Lefta, M., Smith, J. L., Patwardhan, A., Bartos, D. C., Elayi, C. S., Esser, K. A., & Delisle, B. P. (2015). The cardiomyocyte molecular clock regulates the circadian expression of Kcnh2 and contributes to ventricular repolarization. Heart Rhythm, 12(6), 1306–1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2015. 02.019
  • Simpson, S. D., & Karageorghis, C. I. (2006). The effects of synchronous music on 400-m sprint performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(10), 1095–1102. https://doi.org /10.1080/02640410500432789
  • Tate, A. R., Gennings, C., Hoffman, R. A., Strittmatter, A. P., & Retchin, S. M. (2012). Effects of Bone-Conducted Music on Swimming Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(4), 982–988. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822dcdaf
  • Waterhouse, J., Drust, B., Weinert, D., Edwards, B., Gregson, W., Atkinson, G., Kao, S., Aizawa, S., & Reilly, T. (2005). The Circadian Rhythm of Core Temperature: Origin and some Implications for Exercise Performance. Chronobiology International, 22(2), 207–225. https://doi.org/10.1081/CBI-200053477
  • Yılmaz, A., Gümüşay, A. and Akkaya, C.C. (2021). Examination of Elite Physically Disabled Athletes' Motivation Levels of Participation in Sports. Int J Disabil Sports Health Sci; 4(2):86-99 https://doi.org/ 10.33438/ijdshs.930603
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Engelliler için Beden Eğitimi, Spor ve Fiziksel Aktivite
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Ahmet Kurtoğlu 0000-0002-9292-5419

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 4 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kurtoğlu, A. (2023). Some Anaerobic Performance Variation From Morning to Evening: Warm up With Different Music Rythm Impacts Performance and Its Diurnal Amplitude in Intellectual Disabled People. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 6(2), 82-90. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1248438
AMA Kurtoğlu A. Some Anaerobic Performance Variation From Morning to Evening: Warm up With Different Music Rythm Impacts Performance and Its Diurnal Amplitude in Intellectual Disabled People. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences. Haziran 2023;6(2):82-90. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1248438
Chicago Kurtoğlu, Ahmet. “Some Anaerobic Performance Variation From Morning to Evening: Warm up With Different Music Rythm Impacts Performance and Its Diurnal Amplitude in Intellectual Disabled People”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6, sy. 2 (Haziran 2023): 82-90. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1248438.
EndNote Kurtoğlu A (01 Haziran 2023) Some Anaerobic Performance Variation From Morning to Evening: Warm up With Different Music Rythm Impacts Performance and Its Diurnal Amplitude in Intellectual Disabled People. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6 2 82–90.
IEEE A. Kurtoğlu, “Some Anaerobic Performance Variation From Morning to Evening: Warm up With Different Music Rythm Impacts Performance and Its Diurnal Amplitude in Intellectual Disabled People”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, c. 6, sy. 2, ss. 82–90, 2023, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1248438.
ISNAD Kurtoğlu, Ahmet. “Some Anaerobic Performance Variation From Morning to Evening: Warm up With Different Music Rythm Impacts Performance and Its Diurnal Amplitude in Intellectual Disabled People”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6/2 (Haziran 2023), 82-90. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1248438.
JAMA Kurtoğlu A. Some Anaerobic Performance Variation From Morning to Evening: Warm up With Different Music Rythm Impacts Performance and Its Diurnal Amplitude in Intellectual Disabled People. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences. 2023;6:82–90.
MLA Kurtoğlu, Ahmet. “Some Anaerobic Performance Variation From Morning to Evening: Warm up With Different Music Rythm Impacts Performance and Its Diurnal Amplitude in Intellectual Disabled People”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, c. 6, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 82-90, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1248438.
Vancouver Kurtoğlu A. Some Anaerobic Performance Variation From Morning to Evening: Warm up With Different Music Rythm Impacts Performance and Its Diurnal Amplitude in Intellectual Disabled People. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences. 2023;6(2):82-90.
 Kapak Resmi İndir


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