Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 1 - 9, 30.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.656291

Öz

Kaynakça

  • ACOG Member 1. (2014) Personal interview, April 17.
  • Allen, I. with Hemphill, P. (1971) Mayor: Notes on the Sixties. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Andranovich, G., Burbank, M. J., and Heying, C. H. (2001) Olympic Cities: Lessons Learned from Mega-event Politics. Journal of Urban Affairs 23 (2), p. 113-131.
  • Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games (ACOG). 1996. 1996 Olympic Press Guide. Retrieved from Atlanta History Center (Atlanta, USA).
  • Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games (ACOG). (1997) Official Report of the Centennial Olympic Games, Volume One: Planning and Organizing.
  • Baade, R.A. and Matheson, V. (2002) Bidding for the Olympics: Fool’s Gold? In Barros C; Ibrahimo M.; Szymanski , S. (Eds.), Transatlantic Sport: the Comparative Economics of North America and European Sports, p. 127-151.
  • Banfield, E. C. (1965) Big City Politics: A Comparative Guide to the Political Systems of Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, El Paso, Los Angeles, Miami, Philadelphia, St. Louis and Seattle. New York: Random House.
  • Burbank, M. J., Andranovich, G. and Heying, C. (2001) Olympic Dreams: The Impact of Megaevents on Local Politics, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, Colorado.
  • Burbank, M. J., Andranovich, G., and Heying, C. (2002) Mega-events, Urban Development, and Public Policy. The Review of Policy Research, Fall 2002 (19) 3: p. 179-202.
  • Essex, S. and Chalkley B. (1998) The Olympics as a catalyst of urban renewal: a review. Leisure Studies, 17 (3), 187-206.
  • Essex, S. and Chalkley, B. (2003) Urban transformation from hosting the Olympic Games: university lecture on the Olympics [online article]. Barcelona: Centre d’Estudis Olímpics (UAB). International Chair in Olympism (IOC-UAB). http://olympicstudies.uab.es/lectures/web/pdf/essex.pdf.\ [Date of consulted: 08/10/2014]
  • French, S. P. and Disher, M. E. (1997) Atlanta and the Olympics: A One-Year Retrospective. Journal of the American Planning Association, 63 (3) Summer, p. 379-392.
  • Heying, C., Burbank, M. J., and Andranovich, G. (2007) World Class: Using the Olympics to Shape and Brand the American Metropolis. Chapter 9 in Smith, Melanie K., Tourism, Culture, and Regeneration. CABI Publishing.
  • Hoffman, A. V. (2003). House by House, Block by Block: The Rebirth of America’s Urban Neighborhoods. Oxford University Press.
  • Holmes, R. A. (1977). The Politics of Governmental Reforms in the Atlanta Metropolitan Region. In Gorsuch, E.N. and Hinds, D. S. 1977. The Future of Atlanta’s Central City. Research Monograph No. 73, Georgia State University College of Business Administration.
  • Hutton, A. K. 2001. The Olympic Games: Lessons for Future Host Cities. Master Thesis Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
  • International Olympic Committee (IOC) (1978) Agreement between IOC and the City of Los Angeles, (27 October), typescript.
  • International Olympic Committee (IOC) (1979) Agreement between IOC, United States Olympic Committee and Organizing Committee of Games (1 March), typescript.
  • International Olympic Committee (IOC).2009. Fact Sheet. Host City Election Facts and Figures.
  • Keating, L. 2001. Atlanta: Race, Class, and urban Expansion. Temple University Press, Philadelphia.
  • Murphy, A. D. (1997). Introduction: Atlanta: Capital Of The 21st Century? Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, Vol. 26, No. 1, Atlanta: Capital of the 21st Century (Spring, 1997), pp. 1-8.
  • Payne, B. (1997). Lessons from Atlanta, The organizer's view: Q&A with Billy Payne. The Cincinnati Enquirer. Sunday, July 27, 1997.
  • Pound, R. W (1994) The Centennial Olympic Games, Atlanta, 1996. Vice President, International Olympic Games. Delivered at the Ambassador’s lecture series, Washington, D.C., May 16.
  • Preuss, H. (2004) The Economics of Staging the Olympics: A Comparison of the Games, 1972-2008. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Roche, M. (2002) Mega Events and Modernity. Olympics and Expos in the Growth of Global Culture. Routledge.
  • Rutheiser, C. (1996) How Atlanta lost the Olympics. New Statesman (1996). 125.4293 (July 19, 1996): p28. Cover story
  • Short, J. R. (2004) Global Metropolitan: Globalizing Cities in a Capitalist World. Routledge
  • Short, J. R. (2018) Hosting the Olympic Games: The Real Costs for Cities. Routledge
  • Stone, C. N. (1976) Economic Growth and Neighborhood Discontent: System Bias in The Urban Renewal Program of Atlanta. The University of North Carolina Press: Chapel Hill.
  • Weisman, S. (1990) Atlanta Selected Over Athens for 1996 Olympics. The New York Times. September, 19, 1990.
  • Zimbalist, A. (2011) Circling the Bases: Essays on the Challenges and Prospects of the Sports Industry. Temple University Press, Philadelphia.

A Retrospective Analysis: 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympics and Lessons for Future Olympic Cities

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 1 - 9, 30.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.656291

Öz

This paper examines the rationale of the 1996 Summer Olympics bid of Atlanta and provides a retrospective analysis of the short- and long-term impacts of the Olympic Games. Olympics provided a means to facilitate the primacy of downtown Atlanta and this new strategy was partially successful mainly because of other external factors. The elites of downtown Atlanta seized the opportunity presented by a potential Olympic hosting in Atlanta to make promises and implement a vision that revitalizes certain downtown areas. Atlanta’s Olympic strategy gave positive results in the short-run, however did not help to increase the primacy of downtown Atlanta in the long term due to short-term focused strategies, prioritizing regional issues and shifting focus of business elites to regional growth. Atlanta’s Olympic planning practice mostly benefited the business interests while the desires and needs of the residents mostly disregarded, mainly because of the privately-lead planning initiatives. Atlanta Olympic planning practice showed that privatization of the Olympic planning results in limited effects in urban transformation. This paper concludes that the Olympics is not a “one-fits-all approach” for host cities, thus the outcomes differ from city to city mainly because of the different objectives, politics, and culture of each city.

Kaynakça

  • ACOG Member 1. (2014) Personal interview, April 17.
  • Allen, I. with Hemphill, P. (1971) Mayor: Notes on the Sixties. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Andranovich, G., Burbank, M. J., and Heying, C. H. (2001) Olympic Cities: Lessons Learned from Mega-event Politics. Journal of Urban Affairs 23 (2), p. 113-131.
  • Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games (ACOG). 1996. 1996 Olympic Press Guide. Retrieved from Atlanta History Center (Atlanta, USA).
  • Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games (ACOG). (1997) Official Report of the Centennial Olympic Games, Volume One: Planning and Organizing.
  • Baade, R.A. and Matheson, V. (2002) Bidding for the Olympics: Fool’s Gold? In Barros C; Ibrahimo M.; Szymanski , S. (Eds.), Transatlantic Sport: the Comparative Economics of North America and European Sports, p. 127-151.
  • Banfield, E. C. (1965) Big City Politics: A Comparative Guide to the Political Systems of Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, El Paso, Los Angeles, Miami, Philadelphia, St. Louis and Seattle. New York: Random House.
  • Burbank, M. J., Andranovich, G. and Heying, C. (2001) Olympic Dreams: The Impact of Megaevents on Local Politics, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, Colorado.
  • Burbank, M. J., Andranovich, G., and Heying, C. (2002) Mega-events, Urban Development, and Public Policy. The Review of Policy Research, Fall 2002 (19) 3: p. 179-202.
  • Essex, S. and Chalkley B. (1998) The Olympics as a catalyst of urban renewal: a review. Leisure Studies, 17 (3), 187-206.
  • Essex, S. and Chalkley, B. (2003) Urban transformation from hosting the Olympic Games: university lecture on the Olympics [online article]. Barcelona: Centre d’Estudis Olímpics (UAB). International Chair in Olympism (IOC-UAB). http://olympicstudies.uab.es/lectures/web/pdf/essex.pdf.\ [Date of consulted: 08/10/2014]
  • French, S. P. and Disher, M. E. (1997) Atlanta and the Olympics: A One-Year Retrospective. Journal of the American Planning Association, 63 (3) Summer, p. 379-392.
  • Heying, C., Burbank, M. J., and Andranovich, G. (2007) World Class: Using the Olympics to Shape and Brand the American Metropolis. Chapter 9 in Smith, Melanie K., Tourism, Culture, and Regeneration. CABI Publishing.
  • Hoffman, A. V. (2003). House by House, Block by Block: The Rebirth of America’s Urban Neighborhoods. Oxford University Press.
  • Holmes, R. A. (1977). The Politics of Governmental Reforms in the Atlanta Metropolitan Region. In Gorsuch, E.N. and Hinds, D. S. 1977. The Future of Atlanta’s Central City. Research Monograph No. 73, Georgia State University College of Business Administration.
  • Hutton, A. K. 2001. The Olympic Games: Lessons for Future Host Cities. Master Thesis Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
  • International Olympic Committee (IOC) (1978) Agreement between IOC and the City of Los Angeles, (27 October), typescript.
  • International Olympic Committee (IOC) (1979) Agreement between IOC, United States Olympic Committee and Organizing Committee of Games (1 March), typescript.
  • International Olympic Committee (IOC).2009. Fact Sheet. Host City Election Facts and Figures.
  • Keating, L. 2001. Atlanta: Race, Class, and urban Expansion. Temple University Press, Philadelphia.
  • Murphy, A. D. (1997). Introduction: Atlanta: Capital Of The 21st Century? Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, Vol. 26, No. 1, Atlanta: Capital of the 21st Century (Spring, 1997), pp. 1-8.
  • Payne, B. (1997). Lessons from Atlanta, The organizer's view: Q&A with Billy Payne. The Cincinnati Enquirer. Sunday, July 27, 1997.
  • Pound, R. W (1994) The Centennial Olympic Games, Atlanta, 1996. Vice President, International Olympic Games. Delivered at the Ambassador’s lecture series, Washington, D.C., May 16.
  • Preuss, H. (2004) The Economics of Staging the Olympics: A Comparison of the Games, 1972-2008. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Roche, M. (2002) Mega Events and Modernity. Olympics and Expos in the Growth of Global Culture. Routledge.
  • Rutheiser, C. (1996) How Atlanta lost the Olympics. New Statesman (1996). 125.4293 (July 19, 1996): p28. Cover story
  • Short, J. R. (2004) Global Metropolitan: Globalizing Cities in a Capitalist World. Routledge
  • Short, J. R. (2018) Hosting the Olympic Games: The Real Costs for Cities. Routledge
  • Stone, C. N. (1976) Economic Growth and Neighborhood Discontent: System Bias in The Urban Renewal Program of Atlanta. The University of North Carolina Press: Chapel Hill.
  • Weisman, S. (1990) Atlanta Selected Over Athens for 1996 Olympics. The New York Times. September, 19, 1990.
  • Zimbalist, A. (2011) Circling the Bases: Essays on the Challenges and Prospects of the Sports Industry. Temple University Press, Philadelphia.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Research Papers
Yazarlar

Tuna Batuhan 0000-0001-7662-3405

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Batuhan, T. (2020). A Retrospective Analysis: 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympics and Lessons for Future Olympic Cities. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, 5(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.656291



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