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Sextus Empiricus’ Moral Scepticism Revisited

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 2, 92 - 105, 19.10.2023

Öz

Pyrrhonism, named after the scepticism of Pyrrho of Elis, as one of the significant philosophical doctrines in the history of philosophy, was revived by Aenesidemus and Agrippa, and defended by Sextus Empiricus, its last follower, against criticisms in the theoretical and practical contexts. Pyrrhonian scepticism, based on three tenets as the state of equipollence, suspension of judgment and ataraxia, accepts adherence to appearances as a practical guide for life. The aim of this study is to discuss Sextus’ objections regarding two main problems, the nature of good and evil and the art of living, elaborated in Outlines of Pyrrhonism and Against the Ethicists and contemporary remarks on the subject. Thus, it will be addressed whether the sceptic way of life prescribed by Sextus is compatible with his theoretical framework and therefore, whether it can be applied in practice.

Kaynakça

  • Aristocles. (2001). Testimonia and Fragments. (L. Chiesara, Ed. & Trans.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Bett, R. (2010). Scepticism and Ethics. In R. Bett (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to ancient scepticism (pp. 181-194). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bett, R. (2019). How to Be a Pyrrhonist: The Practice and Significance of Pyrrhonian Skepticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Buckle, S. (2001). Hume’s Enlightenment Tract: The Unity and Purpose of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Burnyeat, M. F. (1980). Can the skeptic live his skepticism? In M. Schofield et al. (Eds), Doubt and Dogmatism: Studies in Hellenistic Epistemology (pp. 20-53). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Burnyeat, M. F. (1984). The sceptic in his place and time. In R. Rorty et al. (Eds), Philosophy in History: Essays on the Historiography of Philosophy (pp. 225-254). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Empiricus, S. (1933). Outlines of Pyrrhonism. (R. G. Bury, Trans.). Great Britain: Harvard University Press.
  • Empiricus, S. (1936). Against the Ethicists. (R. G. Bury, Trans.). Great Britain: Harvard University Press.
  • Frede, M. (1987). Essays in Ancient Philosophy. USA: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Hankinson, R.J. (1995). The Sceptics: The Arguments of the Philosophers. USA: Routledge.
  • Hume, D. (2007). An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. (P. Millican, Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Kjellberg, P. (1996). Sextus Empiricus, Zhuangzi, and Xunzi on “why be skeptical?” In P. Kjellberg and P. J. Ivanhoe (Eds), Essays on Skepticism, Relativism and Ethics in Zhuangzi. USA: State University of New York Press.
  • Laertius, D. (2020). Lives of Eminent Philosophers. (S. White, Ed. &Trans.). UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Seneca. (1984). Of a happy life. In F. Hazlitt and H. Hazlitt (Eds), The Wisdom of the Stoics: Selections from Seneca, Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius (pp. 11-51). USA: University Press of America.
  • Sellars, J. (2003). The Art of Living: The Stoics on the Nature and Function of Philosophy. UK: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Sharpe, M., Ure, M. (2021). Philosophy as a Way of Life: History, Dimensions, Directions. UK: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Thorsrud, H. (2009). Ancient Scepticism. California: University of California Press.
  • Thorsrud, H. (2019). Sextus Empiricus on the Siren Song of Reason and the Skeptical Defense of Ordinary Life. Logos & Episteme, 10 (1), 15-29.
  • Vogt, K. M. (2010). Scepticism and Action. In R. Bett (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Scepticism (pp. 165-180). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sextus Empiricus’un Ahlaki Kuşkuculuğuna Yeniden Bakış

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 2, 92 - 105, 19.10.2023

Öz

Felsefe tarihinin önemli felsefi öğretilerden biri olarak kabul edilen Elisli Pyrrhon’un kuşkuculuğundan adını alan Pyrrhonculuk, Aenesidemos ve Agrippa ile yeniden canlandırılmış, teorik ve pratik bağlamda eleştirilere karşı son temsilcisi, Sextus Empiricus tarafından savunulmuştur. Eşgüçlülük, yargıyı askıya alma ve sükûnet (ataraxia) olmak üzere üç ilke üzerinden temellendirilen Pyrrhoncu kuşkuculuk, görünüşlere bağlı kalmayı yaşam için pratik bir yol gösterici olarak kabul eder. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sextus’un Outlines of Pyrrhonism ve Against the Ethicists adlı eserlerinde detaylandırdığı iyinin ve kötünün doğası ile yaşam sanatı olmak üzere başlıca iki sorunla ilgili itirazlarını ve konu ile ilgili çağdaş yorumları tartışmaktır. Böylelikle, Sextus’un reçete ettiği kuşkucu yaşam tarzının onun sunduğu teorik çerçeveyle uyumlu olup olmadığı ve dolayısıyla pratiğe uygulanıp uygulanamayacağı ele alınacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Aristocles. (2001). Testimonia and Fragments. (L. Chiesara, Ed. & Trans.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Bett, R. (2010). Scepticism and Ethics. In R. Bett (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to ancient scepticism (pp. 181-194). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bett, R. (2019). How to Be a Pyrrhonist: The Practice and Significance of Pyrrhonian Skepticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Buckle, S. (2001). Hume’s Enlightenment Tract: The Unity and Purpose of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Burnyeat, M. F. (1980). Can the skeptic live his skepticism? In M. Schofield et al. (Eds), Doubt and Dogmatism: Studies in Hellenistic Epistemology (pp. 20-53). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Burnyeat, M. F. (1984). The sceptic in his place and time. In R. Rorty et al. (Eds), Philosophy in History: Essays on the Historiography of Philosophy (pp. 225-254). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Empiricus, S. (1933). Outlines of Pyrrhonism. (R. G. Bury, Trans.). Great Britain: Harvard University Press.
  • Empiricus, S. (1936). Against the Ethicists. (R. G. Bury, Trans.). Great Britain: Harvard University Press.
  • Frede, M. (1987). Essays in Ancient Philosophy. USA: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Hankinson, R.J. (1995). The Sceptics: The Arguments of the Philosophers. USA: Routledge.
  • Hume, D. (2007). An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. (P. Millican, Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Kjellberg, P. (1996). Sextus Empiricus, Zhuangzi, and Xunzi on “why be skeptical?” In P. Kjellberg and P. J. Ivanhoe (Eds), Essays on Skepticism, Relativism and Ethics in Zhuangzi. USA: State University of New York Press.
  • Laertius, D. (2020). Lives of Eminent Philosophers. (S. White, Ed. &Trans.). UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Seneca. (1984). Of a happy life. In F. Hazlitt and H. Hazlitt (Eds), The Wisdom of the Stoics: Selections from Seneca, Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius (pp. 11-51). USA: University Press of America.
  • Sellars, J. (2003). The Art of Living: The Stoics on the Nature and Function of Philosophy. UK: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Sharpe, M., Ure, M. (2021). Philosophy as a Way of Life: History, Dimensions, Directions. UK: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Thorsrud, H. (2009). Ancient Scepticism. California: University of California Press.
  • Thorsrud, H. (2019). Sextus Empiricus on the Siren Song of Reason and the Skeptical Defense of Ordinary Life. Logos & Episteme, 10 (1), 15-29.
  • Vogt, K. M. (2010). Scepticism and Action. In R. Bett (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Scepticism (pp. 165-180). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bilgi Felsefesi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Işıl Çeşmeli

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çeşmeli, I. (2023). Sextus Empiricus’ Moral Scepticism Revisited. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi(2), 92-105.
AMA Çeşmeli I. Sextus Empiricus’ Moral Scepticism Revisited. KFD. Ekim 2023;(2):92-105.
Chicago Çeşmeli, Işıl. “Sextus Empiricus’ Moral Scepticism Revisited”. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi, sy. 2 (Ekim 2023): 92-105.
EndNote Çeşmeli I (01 Ekim 2023) Sextus Empiricus’ Moral Scepticism Revisited. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi 2 92–105.
IEEE I. Çeşmeli, “Sextus Empiricus’ Moral Scepticism Revisited”, KFD, sy. 2, ss. 92–105, Ekim 2023.
ISNAD Çeşmeli, Işıl. “Sextus Empiricus’ Moral Scepticism Revisited”. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi 2 (Ekim 2023), 92-105.
JAMA Çeşmeli I. Sextus Empiricus’ Moral Scepticism Revisited. KFD. 2023;:92–105.
MLA Çeşmeli, Işıl. “Sextus Empiricus’ Moral Scepticism Revisited”. Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 92-105.
Vancouver Çeşmeli I. Sextus Empiricus’ Moral Scepticism Revisited. KFD. 2023(2):92-105.