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Rüzgar Enerji Santrallerinin Elektrik Şebekesine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 50 - 65, 31.12.2022

Emine Amal Kadir Yılmaz Engin Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.53410/koufbd.1096254
Cited By: 1

Öz

Rüzgar enerjisinin elektrik üretiminde kullanımının küresel çapta artmasına paralel olarak Türkiye’de de son yıllarda rüzgardan elde edilen elektrik enerjisi oldukça artmıştır. Türkiye’de rüzgar enerjisi santrallerinin elektrik üretimindeki payı (2021 ilk yarısından itibari ile rüzgar gücü 10,585 MW ile) tüm ihtiyacın %9,22’sini karşılar hale gelmiştir. Ülkemizde son dönemde Rüzgar Elektrik Santralleri (RES) lisans başvurularında önemli artışlar yaşanmış olup, bu santrallerin enterkonnekte sisteme bağlantı kriterleri ve sistem işletmeciliği üzerindeki etkileri daha büyük önem kazanmıştır. Rüzgar türbinlerinin zaman içinde ürettiği güç, birincil enerji kaynaklarının öngörülemeyen doğası nedeniyle karakteristik olarak dengesizdir. Bu durum, yalnızca çok sayıda rüzgar türbininin elektrik güç şebekesine entegrasyonundaki sorunları artırarak, katkılarının yönetilmesini oldukça zorlaştırmaktadır. Önceleri dağıtım sistemine bağlanan RES’lerde sadece gerilim kalitesi ilk aranan durumken şimdiki değişen yönetmeliğe göre RES’lerden güç sisteminin dengesi konusunda katkı yapması beklenmektedir. RES’lerin arıza sonrası sisteme katkısı, gerilim, frekans etkileri ve aktif güç kontrolü özellikleri belirlenerek Elektrik Piyasası Şebeke Yönetmeliğinde gerekli düzenlemelere gidilmiştir. Bu makale, rüzgar enerjisinin güç sistemlerine entegrasyonu ile ilgili temel teknik zorlukları ve önerilen çözüm metodolojilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu zorluklar arasında güç kalitesi sorunları, güç dengesizlikleri (şebeke kararlılığı), reaktif güç desteği, arızadan kurtulma yeteneği gözden geçirilmiştir ve tüm zorluklar tartışılmıştır. Rüzgar enerji santrallerinin artan güçlerle enerji sistemine entegrasyonu Türkiye Elektrik İletim Sistemine etkileri ve bağlanma kriterleri gözden geçirilmiştir. Entegrasyon zorluklarını azaltmak için enerji depolama sistemleri, şebeke kodları ve yenilebilir enerji politikaları önemine değinilmiştir. Böylece, politika yapıcılar ve araştırmacılar bu çalışmayı gelecekteki enerji stratejilerini geliştirmede ve rüzgar enerjisi entegrasyon zorluklarının tam anlamıyla görmelerine yardımcı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gerilim Kararlılığı Güç Kalitesi Reaktif Güç Desteği Rüzgar Enerjisi Şebeke Entegrasyonu

Teşekkür

Araştırmamın uygulama aşamasında yardımlarını esirgemeyen ve her daim destekleyen değerli hocalarım Prof. Dr. Engin ÖZDEMİR’ e ve Dr. Kadir YILMAZ’ a şükranlarımı sunmayı bir borç bilirim.

Kaynakça

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Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 50 - 65, 31.12.2022

Emine Amal Kadir Yılmaz Engin Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.53410/koufbd.1096254
Cited By: 1

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Türkiye Rüzgar Enerjisi Istatistik Raporu. 2021. Türkiye Rüzgar Enerjisi Birliği (TÜREB).
  • [2] Wu Y.H., Chang S.M. and Mandal P., 2019. Grid-connected wind power plants: a survey on the ıntegration requirements in modern grid codes. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), 55 (5).
  • [3] Ahuja H., Bhuvaneswari G., Balasubramanian R., 2011. Performance comparison of dfıg and pmsg based wecs. IET Conference on Renewable Power Generation, New Delhi, India.
  • [4] Shakır R.A., Fahad S.M.I, Fahad A.Al-Sulaman, Ibrahim M.E., 2020. Grid Integration Challenges of Wind Energy: A Review, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia, January 8, 10857–10870.
  • [5] Tsili, M., Patsiouras, S., Papathanassiou, S., 2008. “A review of grid code technical requirements for wind farms”, IET Renewable Power Generation, 2:271- 273, 31 July 2008, Denmark
  • [6] Ak M. A., 2011. Rüzgâr santrallerinin şebekeye entegrasyonu ve şebeke üzerine etkileri. Yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • [7] Singh M. and Santoso S., 2011. Dynamic models for wind turbines and wind power plants. Nat. Renew. Energy Lab., Golden, CO, USA, Tech. Rep. NREL/SR-5500-52780, XEE-8-77567-01; TRN: US201124%%377, 2011
  • [8] Wind Turbine Plant Capabilities Report, 2013. WindIntegration Studies, Austral. Energy Market Operator, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
  • [9] Khadem S.K., Basu M., Conlon M.F., 2010, Power Quality in Grid connected Renewable Energy Systems: Role of Custom Power Devices, Dublin Institute of Technology Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland, International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality, March, III
  • [10] Blaabjerg F., Teodorescu R., Liserre M, Timbus A. V., 2006. Overview of Control and Grid Synchronization for Distributed Power Generation Systems. IEEE Trns Indust Elect, 53 (5), 1398 – 1409.
  • [11] Dehghan S.M., Mohamadian M., and Varjani A.Y., 2009. A New Variable-Speed Wind Energy Conversion System Using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator and Z-Source Inverter, IEEE Trns Energy Conv, 24 (3), 714 – 724.
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  • [13] Giebel G. and Kariniotakis G., 2017. Wind power forecasting a review of the state of the art. In Renewable Energy Forecasting. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 2017, 59–109, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-08- 100504-0.00003-2.
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  • [15] Zhang Q. Li, Y., Lin T. Ji, X. and Cai Z., 2018. Volt/Var control for power grids with connections of large-scale wind farms: A review. IEEE Access, 6, 26675–26692, doi: 10.1109.
  • [16] Xie, Z. Xu, L. Yang, J. Ostergaard, Y. Xue, and K. P. Wong, 2013. A comprehensive LVRT control strategy for DFIG wind turbines with enhanced reactive power support. IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 28 (3), 3302–3310,Aug., doi: 10.11.09
  • [17] Zhou Y., Nguyen D. D., Kjaer P. C., and Saylors S., 2013. Connecting wind power plant with weak grid - Challenges and solutions. in Proc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, Jul. doi: 10.1109.
  • [18] Liu J., Yao W., Wen J., Fang J., Jiang L., He H., and Cheng S., 2020. Impact of power grid strength and PLL parameters on stability of gridconnected DFIG wind farm, IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 11 (1), 545–557, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1109
  • [19] Kroposki B., 2017. Integrating high levels of variable renewable energy into electric power systems, J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy, 5 (6), 831–837, Nov. doi: 10.1007.
  • [20] Morren J., De Haan S., Kling W., and Ferreira J., 2006. Wind turbines emulating inertia and supporting primary frequency control, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 21 (1), 433–434, Feb. doi: 10.1109.
  • [21] Y. Wang, J. Meng, X. Zhang, and L. Xu, 2015. Control of PMSG-based wind turbines for system inertial response and power oscillation damping. IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy,6 (2), 565–574, Apr., doi: 10.1109/tste.2015.2394363.
  • [22] Schwanz D., Bollen M., and Larsson A., 2018. Some methods for harmonic emission determination in wind power plants. In Proc. IEEE 18th Int. Conf. Harmon. Qual. Power (ICHQP), May, doi: 10.1109.
  • [23] Reis A., Moura L. P., and Oliveira J. C., 2016. Mitigation of harmonic current produced by wind turbine throughout converter switching controll. In Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Harmon. Qual. Power (ICHQP), Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1109/ichqp.2016.7783477.
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Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Elektrik Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Emine Amal 0000-0002-3381-2836

Kadir Yılmaz 0000-0002-0819-3420

Engin Özdemir 0000-0003-0882-332X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 27 Aralık 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Kabul Tarihi 3 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Amal, E., Yılmaz, K., & Özdemir, E. (2022). Rüzgar Enerji Santrallerinin Elektrik Şebekesine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 50-65. https://doi.org/10.53410/koufbd.1096254

Cited By

Enerji Veriminin Arttırılması ve Simülasyonunda Rüzgâr Enerjisi Sistemlerinin Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Uluslararası Muhendislik Arastirma ve Gelistirme Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1345819