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Distance Parameter Values of Calcaneus and their Performance for Gender Estimation

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 239 - 248, 16.05.2024

Faruk Gazi Ceranoğlu Mehmet Tuğrul Yılmaz Duygu Akın Saygın Cengiz Kadıyoran

https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1419133

Öz

Aim: The calcaneus has a significant role in the foot due to its location. It is used together with the pelvis and skull bones in gender determination. In this study, it was aimed to determine the morphometric characteristics of the calcaneus and determine the suitability of these measurement locations for gender estimation.
Material and Method: In the study, seven measurements were taken bilaterally from 1,080 lateral foot radiographs of 540 individuals aged 20-65 years. For foot bone height (FBL), the distance between the anterior end of the distal phalanx of the most distal toe and the most posterior end of the foot was taken, while for maximum calcaneal length (maxCaL), the distance between the anterior end of the calcaneus and the posterior end of the calcaneus was taken. SPSS 21 program was used for statistical analyses and the ratio of gender prediction performances was examined by Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
Results: All length measurements were higher in males than females (p<0.05), and foot bone height (FBL) (p=0.035) and maximum calcaneus height (maxCaH) (p=0.007) were higher on the right side than on the left side. The study also found a weak negative correlation between age and the right-sided medial calcaneus length parameter (rmedCaL) and strong correlations between certain measurements. Foot bone length (FBL) was found to have the highest accuracy in predicting gender (AUC=0.913).
Conclusion: The findings provide useful information for forensic cases, provide reference data for diagnosis and treatment processes in the clinic, and provide data for the development of machine learning software that can be used in medical and forensic cases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Calcaneus forensic science gender prediction radiology receiver operating characteristic analysis

Etik Beyan

N.E.Ü.

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

no

Kaynakça

  • Korkmaz T. Calcaneal and metatarsal weight distribution in children's feet. Selcuk Med J. 1989;5:99-106.
  • Amuti T, Muuthuri N, Nichome L, et al. Morphometric dimensions of the calcaneus. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2020;59:949-52.
  • Standring S. Gray’s anatomy the anatomical basis of clinical practice. 42nd edition. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2020;1347.
  • Schmutz B, Luthi M, Schmutz-Leong YK, et al. Morphological analysis of Gissane's angle utilising a statistical shape model of the calcaneus. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2021;141:937-45.
  • Kutlu A. The cavus deformity of the foot and its therapy. Selcuk Med J. 1990;6:28-35.
  • Mendonca DS, Kurita LM, Carvalho FSR, et al. Development and validation of a new formula for sex estimation based on multislice computed tomographic measurements of maxillary and frontal sinuses among Brazilian adults. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2021;50:20200490.
  • Kramer NA, Lopez-Capp TT, Michel-Crosato E, et al. Sex estimation from the mastoid process using Micro-CT among Brazilians: Discriminant analysis and ROC curve analysis. J Forensic Radiol Imaging. 2018;14:1-7.
  • Cekdemir YE, Mutlu U, Karaman G, et al. Estimation of sex using morphometric measurements performed on cranial computerized tomography scans. Radiol Med. 2021;126:306-15.
  • Garcovich D, Albert Gasco L, Alvarado Lorenzo A, et al. Sex estimation through geometric morphometric analysis of the frontal bone: an assessment in pre-pubertal and post-pubertal modern Spanish population. Int J Legal Med. 2022;136:319-28.
  • Zhang K, Fan F, Tu M, et al. Estimation of stature and sex from calcaneal measurements in Chinese. Aust J Forensic Sci. 2016;49:69-77.
  • Bidmos MA, Asala SA. Sexual dimorphism of the calcaneus of South African blacks. J Forensic Sci. 2004;49:446-50.
  • Scott S, Ruengdit S, Peckmann TR, Mahakkanukrauh P. Sex estimation from measurements of the calcaneus: Applications for personal identification in Thailand. Forensic Sci Int. 2018;278:405-e1-8.
  • Agoada D. The relationship between linear osteological and radiographic measurements of the human calcaneus and talus. Anat Rec. 2018;301:21-33.
  • Schepers T, Ginai AZ, Mulder PG, et al. Radiographic evaluation of calcaneal fractures: to measure or not to measure. Skeletal Radiol. 2007;36:847-52.
  • Dogruyol G, Cimen M. Radiological research of medial and lateral arch angles and foot length in terms of age, gender and side differences. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;2:76-83.
  • Riepert T, Drechsler T, Schild H, et al. Estimation of sex on the basis of radiographs of the calcaneus. Forensic Sci Int. 1996;77:133-40.
  • Sanlı SG, Kızılkanat ED, Boyan N, et al. Stature estimation based on hand length and foot length. Clin Anat. 2005;18:589-96.
  • Sen J, Ghosh S. Estimation of stature from foot length and foot breadth among the Rajbanshi: an indigenous population of North Bengal. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;181:55.e1-6.
  • Zeybek G, Ergur I, Demiroglu Z. Stature and gender estimation using foot measurements. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;181:54.e1-5.
  • Kim JH, Gwak HJ, Kim JG, et al. Measurement of normal calcaneus in Korean cadavers: a preliminary report. J Korean foot ankle soc. 2014;18:14-8.
  • Deniz G, Kaya A, Ercan Z, et al. The evaluation of radiologic angular measurements in patients with foot pain. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2020;110:Article_8.
  • Gualdi-Russo E. Sex determination from the talus and calcaneus measurements. Forensic Sci Int. 2007;171:151-6.
  • Altuntas E. Sex determination from radiographs of foot bones. Ph.D. thesis, On Dokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 2021.
  • Torun BI, Cay N. Relationship between the angle of the foot arch and the length of the foot. Kafkas J Med. 2018;8:172-7.
  • Rammelt S, Grass R, Zawadski T, et al. Foot function after subtalar distraction bone- block arthrodesis. A prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86:659-68.
  • Gwani AS, Salihu AT, Garba IS, et al. Estimation of stature from radiographic measurement of foot dimensions: Truncated foot length may be more reliable than full foot length. J Forensic Leg Med. 2017;46:53-7.
  • Hill M, Naemi R, Branthwaite H, Chockalingam N. The relationship between arch height and foot length: Implications for size grading. Appl Ergon. 2017;59:243-50.
  • Cekdemir YE, Mutlu U, Karaman G, et al. Evaluation of computed tomography images of calcaneus for estimation of sex. Radiol Med. 2021;126:1064-73.
  • López-Capdevila L, Santamaria Fumas A, Dominguez Sevilla A, et al. Dorsal wedge calcaneal osteotomy as surgical treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed). 2020; 64:22-7.
  • Zakaria MS, Mohammed AH, Habib SR, et al. Calcaneus radiograph as a diagnostic tool for sexual dimorphism in Egyptians. J Forensic Leg Med. 2010;17:378-82.
  • Arslan G, Yirgin IK, Tasguzen A. A measuremental approach to calcaneal fractures. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2014;40:593-9.
  • Gonzalez PN, Bernal V, Perez SI. Geometric morphometric approach to sex estimation of human pelvis. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;189:68-74.
  • Fun PS, Osman K, Hamzah SPAA, et al. Stature and sex estimation using foot measurements for Malays and Chinese in Malaysia. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 2011;9:23-8.
  • Sen J, Kanchan T, Ghosh S. Sex estimation from foot dimensions in an indigenous Indian population. J Forensic Sci. 2011;56:S148-53.
  • Hemy N, Flavel A, Ishak NI, et al. Sex estimation using anthropometry of feet and footprints in a Western Australian population. Forensic Sci Int. 2013;231:402.e1-6.
  • Ogbonnaya IO, Frank ET, Olasubomi SA, et al. Sex estimation using foot measurements, stature and body mass index (BMI) in a Nigerian population. Acta Sci Nat. 2018;5:32-7.
  • DiMichele DL, Spradley MK. Sex estimation in a modern American osteological sample using a discriminant function analysis from the calcaneus. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;221:152.e1-5.
  • Kim DI, Kim YS, Lee UY, Han SH. Sex determination from calcaneus in Korean using discriminant analysis. Forensic Sci Int. 2013;228:177.e1-7.
  • Peckmann TR, Orr K, Meek S, Manolis SK. Sex determination from the calcaneus in a 20th century. Greek population using discriminant function analysis. Sci Justice. 2015;55:377-82.
  • Ekizoglu O, İnci E, Palabıyık FB, et al. Sex estimation in a contemporary Turkish population based on CT scans of the calcaneus. Forensic Sci Int. 2017;279:310.e1-6.

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 239 - 248, 16.05.2024

Faruk Gazi Ceranoğlu Mehmet Tuğrul Yılmaz Duygu Akın Saygın Cengiz Kadıyoran

https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1419133

Öz

Etik Beyan

N.eE.Ü. ilaç ve tıbbı çihaz dışı araştırmalar etik kurul 2022/3632 kararı ile alınmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

yoktur

Proje Numarası

no

Teşekkür

Tüm katılımcı hastalarımıza çok teşekkür ediyoruz.

Kaynakça

  • Korkmaz T. Calcaneal and metatarsal weight distribution in children's feet. Selcuk Med J. 1989;5:99-106.
  • Amuti T, Muuthuri N, Nichome L, et al. Morphometric dimensions of the calcaneus. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2020;59:949-52.
  • Standring S. Gray’s anatomy the anatomical basis of clinical practice. 42nd edition. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2020;1347.
  • Schmutz B, Luthi M, Schmutz-Leong YK, et al. Morphological analysis of Gissane's angle utilising a statistical shape model of the calcaneus. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2021;141:937-45.
  • Kutlu A. The cavus deformity of the foot and its therapy. Selcuk Med J. 1990;6:28-35.
  • Mendonca DS, Kurita LM, Carvalho FSR, et al. Development and validation of a new formula for sex estimation based on multislice computed tomographic measurements of maxillary and frontal sinuses among Brazilian adults. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2021;50:20200490.
  • Kramer NA, Lopez-Capp TT, Michel-Crosato E, et al. Sex estimation from the mastoid process using Micro-CT among Brazilians: Discriminant analysis and ROC curve analysis. J Forensic Radiol Imaging. 2018;14:1-7.
  • Cekdemir YE, Mutlu U, Karaman G, et al. Estimation of sex using morphometric measurements performed on cranial computerized tomography scans. Radiol Med. 2021;126:306-15.
  • Garcovich D, Albert Gasco L, Alvarado Lorenzo A, et al. Sex estimation through geometric morphometric analysis of the frontal bone: an assessment in pre-pubertal and post-pubertal modern Spanish population. Int J Legal Med. 2022;136:319-28.
  • Zhang K, Fan F, Tu M, et al. Estimation of stature and sex from calcaneal measurements in Chinese. Aust J Forensic Sci. 2016;49:69-77.
  • Bidmos MA, Asala SA. Sexual dimorphism of the calcaneus of South African blacks. J Forensic Sci. 2004;49:446-50.
  • Scott S, Ruengdit S, Peckmann TR, Mahakkanukrauh P. Sex estimation from measurements of the calcaneus: Applications for personal identification in Thailand. Forensic Sci Int. 2018;278:405-e1-8.
  • Agoada D. The relationship between linear osteological and radiographic measurements of the human calcaneus and talus. Anat Rec. 2018;301:21-33.
  • Schepers T, Ginai AZ, Mulder PG, et al. Radiographic evaluation of calcaneal fractures: to measure or not to measure. Skeletal Radiol. 2007;36:847-52.
  • Dogruyol G, Cimen M. Radiological research of medial and lateral arch angles and foot length in terms of age, gender and side differences. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;2:76-83.
  • Riepert T, Drechsler T, Schild H, et al. Estimation of sex on the basis of radiographs of the calcaneus. Forensic Sci Int. 1996;77:133-40.
  • Sanlı SG, Kızılkanat ED, Boyan N, et al. Stature estimation based on hand length and foot length. Clin Anat. 2005;18:589-96.
  • Sen J, Ghosh S. Estimation of stature from foot length and foot breadth among the Rajbanshi: an indigenous population of North Bengal. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;181:55.e1-6.
  • Zeybek G, Ergur I, Demiroglu Z. Stature and gender estimation using foot measurements. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;181:54.e1-5.
  • Kim JH, Gwak HJ, Kim JG, et al. Measurement of normal calcaneus in Korean cadavers: a preliminary report. J Korean foot ankle soc. 2014;18:14-8.
  • Deniz G, Kaya A, Ercan Z, et al. The evaluation of radiologic angular measurements in patients with foot pain. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2020;110:Article_8.
  • Gualdi-Russo E. Sex determination from the talus and calcaneus measurements. Forensic Sci Int. 2007;171:151-6.
  • Altuntas E. Sex determination from radiographs of foot bones. Ph.D. thesis, On Dokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 2021.
  • Torun BI, Cay N. Relationship between the angle of the foot arch and the length of the foot. Kafkas J Med. 2018;8:172-7.
  • Rammelt S, Grass R, Zawadski T, et al. Foot function after subtalar distraction bone- block arthrodesis. A prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86:659-68.
  • Gwani AS, Salihu AT, Garba IS, et al. Estimation of stature from radiographic measurement of foot dimensions: Truncated foot length may be more reliable than full foot length. J Forensic Leg Med. 2017;46:53-7.
  • Hill M, Naemi R, Branthwaite H, Chockalingam N. The relationship between arch height and foot length: Implications for size grading. Appl Ergon. 2017;59:243-50.
  • Cekdemir YE, Mutlu U, Karaman G, et al. Evaluation of computed tomography images of calcaneus for estimation of sex. Radiol Med. 2021;126:1064-73.
  • López-Capdevila L, Santamaria Fumas A, Dominguez Sevilla A, et al. Dorsal wedge calcaneal osteotomy as surgical treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed). 2020; 64:22-7.
  • Zakaria MS, Mohammed AH, Habib SR, et al. Calcaneus radiograph as a diagnostic tool for sexual dimorphism in Egyptians. J Forensic Leg Med. 2010;17:378-82.
  • Arslan G, Yirgin IK, Tasguzen A. A measuremental approach to calcaneal fractures. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2014;40:593-9.
  • Gonzalez PN, Bernal V, Perez SI. Geometric morphometric approach to sex estimation of human pelvis. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;189:68-74.
  • Fun PS, Osman K, Hamzah SPAA, et al. Stature and sex estimation using foot measurements for Malays and Chinese in Malaysia. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 2011;9:23-8.
  • Sen J, Kanchan T, Ghosh S. Sex estimation from foot dimensions in an indigenous Indian population. J Forensic Sci. 2011;56:S148-53.
  • Hemy N, Flavel A, Ishak NI, et al. Sex estimation using anthropometry of feet and footprints in a Western Australian population. Forensic Sci Int. 2013;231:402.e1-6.
  • Ogbonnaya IO, Frank ET, Olasubomi SA, et al. Sex estimation using foot measurements, stature and body mass index (BMI) in a Nigerian population. Acta Sci Nat. 2018;5:32-7.
  • DiMichele DL, Spradley MK. Sex estimation in a modern American osteological sample using a discriminant function analysis from the calcaneus. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;221:152.e1-5.
  • Kim DI, Kim YS, Lee UY, Han SH. Sex determination from calcaneus in Korean using discriminant analysis. Forensic Sci Int. 2013;228:177.e1-7.
  • Peckmann TR, Orr K, Meek S, Manolis SK. Sex determination from the calcaneus in a 20th century. Greek population using discriminant function analysis. Sci Justice. 2015;55:377-82.
  • Ekizoglu O, İnci E, Palabıyık FB, et al. Sex estimation in a contemporary Turkish population based on CT scans of the calcaneus. Forensic Sci Int. 2017;279:310.e1-6.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ortopedi, Adli Tıp, Anatomi
Bölüm Özgün Makaleler
Yazarlar

Faruk Gazi Ceranoğlu 0000-0002-5158-6318

Mehmet Tuğrul Yılmaz 0000-0001-5744-0902

Duygu Akın Saygın 0000-0003-4260-9263

Cengiz Kadıyoran 0000-0002-7173-3530

Proje Numarası no
Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 12 Şubat 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Ceranoğlu FG, Yılmaz MT, Akın Saygın D, Kadıyoran C. Distance Parameter Values of Calcaneus and their Performance for Gender Estimation. Med Records. Mayıs 2024;6(2):239-248. doi:10.37990/medr.1419133
 Kapak Resmi İndir

         

Chief Editors
Assoc. Prof. Zülal Öner
Address: İzmir Bakırçay University, Department of Anatomy, İzmir, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Deniz Şenol
Address: Düzce University, Department of Anatomy, Düzce, Turkey

E-mail: medrecsjournal@gmail.com

Publisher:
Medical Records Association (Tıbbi Kayıtlar Derneği)
Address: Düzce / Türkiye


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