Öz
With the Covid-19 pandemic, people's lives, working and living conditions, social relations are
completely transformed, while social relations and public spaces are also changing. Before the
pandemic, spaces such as parks, gardens, museums, cinemas and theaters were defined as public
spaces, while publicity required people to be together physically. After the pandemic,
communication between people shifts from physical space to virtual space, due to the limitation
of the use of social space, and the concept of public space is reinterpreted. With the pandemic
period, platforms are created where cities can be visited virtually, online access to events such
as theaters, concerts and festivals is provided, and virtual visits are offered to museums all over
the world. In this study, the concept of changing publicity and transformations in public space
are evaluated through museums. A survey is conducted to reveal the differences between the
physical museum and the virtual museum experience. Through the survey, four different types
of experiences (social, cognitive, introspective and object experiences) are questioned,
revealing the perception of space and how users interpret the change in public space. Examining
the transformation of public space through museums allows for new inferences about people's
perception and experience of space. The essence of a public space detached from the physical
space is lost and the concept of publicity becomes shallower.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Alexander, E. P., Alexander, M., & American Association for State and Local History. (2008). Museums in motion: An introduction to the history and functions of museums. Lanham: AltaMira Press.
- Ambrose, T., & Paine, C. (2018). Museum basics: The international handbook. Andrews, J. (1998). A New Medium for Old Masters: The Kress Study Collection Virtual Museum Project. Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America, 17(1), 19–27.
- Arends, I.S.M., and M.A. Hordijk. (2016). Physical and Virtual Public Spaces for Youth: The Importance of Claiming Spaces in Lima, Peru. In Space, Place, and Environment, ed. K. Nairn, and P. Kraftl, 227–248. Singapore: Springer.
- Arendt, H. (1998). The Human Condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Baudrillard, J., & Glaser, S. F. (1994). Simulacra and simulation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Benjamin, W. (2008). The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. Translated by J. A. Underwood, Penguin Books.
- Berg, R. (2020). How Will COVID-19 Affect Urban Planning? https://thecityfix.com/blog/willcovid-19-affect-urban-planning-rogier-van-den-berg/ Received from 07.07.2021 Bozkuş, Ş. B. (2014). Kültür Ve Sanat İletı̇şı̇mı̇ Çerçevesı̇nde Türkı̇ye’de Sanal Müzelerin Gelı̇şı̇mı̇. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies,26, 329–344.
- Doering, Z. D. (1999). Strangers, guests, or clients? Visitor experiences in museums. Curator: The Museum Journal, 74–87.
- Gehl, J., Gehl Architects. (2004). Towards a fine city for people: Public spaces and public life- London. Transport for London (Organization), & Central London Partnership. Copenhagen: Gehl Architects.
- Habermas, J. (1991). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge: MIT Press.
- Hooper-Greenhill, E. (1999). Müze ve Galeri Eğitimi. Çev. Meltem Ö. Evren ve Emine G. Kapçı, Yay. Haz. Bekir ONUR, Ankara: A.Ü. Çocuk Kültürü Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Yayınları.
- Hoptman, GH. (1992). The virtual museum and related epistemological concerns. In: Barrett, NE (ed.) Sociomedia: Multimedia, Hypermedia and the Social Construction of Knowledge. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.141–159. ICOM (2007). Development of the Museum Definition according to ICOM Statutes (2007- 1946).
- ICOM (2010). Key concepts of Museology. (Ed: A. Desvallées and F. Mairesse) Published by Armand Colin.
- Li, S. (2010). The Online Public Space and Popular Ethos in China. Media, Culture & Society,32 (1). 63–83.
- Madanipour, A. (2003). Public and Private Spaces of the City. London: Routledge. Özden, K., and Özmat, M. (2014). Salgın ve Kent: 1347 Veba Salgınının Avrupa’da Sosyal, Politik ve Ekonomik Sonuçları. İdealkent, 5(12), 60-87.
- Paköz, M. Z., Sözer, C., & Doğan, A. (2021). Changing perceptions and usage of public and pseudo - public spaces in the post - pandemic city: the case of Istanbul. Urban Design International.
- Sennett, Richard. (1977). The Fall of Public Man. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Taylor, Charles. (2003). Modern Social Imaginaries. Duke University Press.
- Ülkeryıldız, E., Vural, D. C., & Yıldız, D. (2020). Transformation of Public and Private Spaces: Instrumentality of Restrictions on the Use of Public Space During COVID 19 Pandemic. 3rdInternational Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism (ICCAUA- 2020), May, 200–205.
- WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): How is it transmitted? https://www.who.int/newsroom/-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted Received from: 07.07.2021
Öz
Covid-19 pandemisi ile birlikte insanların hayatları, çalışma ve yaşama koşulları, sosyal ilişkileri tamamen dönüşüme uğrarken, toplumsal ilişkiler ve kamusal alanlar da değişim
geçirmektedir. Pandemi öncesinde parklar, bahçeler, müzeler, sinemalar ve tiyatrolar gibi mekanlar kamusal alan olarak tanımlanırken, kamusallık fiziksel olarak insanların bir arada
olmasını gerektirmekteydi. Pandemi sonrası ise, sosyal alan kullanımının sınırlandırılması nedeniyle, insanlar arasındaki iletişim fiziksel mekândan sanal mekâna kaymakta ve kamusal
alan kavramı da yeniden yorumlanmaktadır. Pandemi dönemi ile birlikte şehirlerin sanal olarak ziyaret edilebileceği platformlar oluşturulmakta, tiyatro, konser, festival gibi etkinliklere online
erişim sağlanmakta ve dünyanın her yerindeki müzelere sanal ziyaret imkanı sunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada değişen kamusallık kavramı ve kamusal mekandaki dönüşümler müzeler
üzerinden değerlendirilmektedir. Fiziksel müze ve sanal müze deneyimi arasındaki farkları ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla bir anket çalışması yürütülmektedir. Anket çalışması aracılığıyla dört
farklı deneyim türü (sosyal,bilişsel,içgözlemsel ve nesne deneyimleri) sorgulanarak, mekan algısı ve kullanıcıların kamusal mekanın değişimini nasıl yorumladıkları açığa çıkarılmaktadır.
Kamusal alanın dönüşümünün müzeler aracılığıyla incelenmesi, insanların mekan algısı ve mekanın deneyimlenmesi hakkında yeni çıkarımlara olanak tanır. Fiziksel alandan kopuk bir
kamusal alanın özü kaybolmakta ve kamusallık kavramı daha sığ bir hale gelmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Alexander, E. P., Alexander, M., & American Association for State and Local History. (2008). Museums in motion: An introduction to the history and functions of museums. Lanham: AltaMira Press.
- Ambrose, T., & Paine, C. (2018). Museum basics: The international handbook. Andrews, J. (1998). A New Medium for Old Masters: The Kress Study Collection Virtual Museum Project. Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America, 17(1), 19–27.
- Arends, I.S.M., and M.A. Hordijk. (2016). Physical and Virtual Public Spaces for Youth: The Importance of Claiming Spaces in Lima, Peru. In Space, Place, and Environment, ed. K. Nairn, and P. Kraftl, 227–248. Singapore: Springer.
- Arendt, H. (1998). The Human Condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Baudrillard, J., & Glaser, S. F. (1994). Simulacra and simulation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Benjamin, W. (2008). The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. Translated by J. A. Underwood, Penguin Books.
- Berg, R. (2020). How Will COVID-19 Affect Urban Planning? https://thecityfix.com/blog/willcovid-19-affect-urban-planning-rogier-van-den-berg/ Received from 07.07.2021 Bozkuş, Ş. B. (2014). Kültür Ve Sanat İletı̇şı̇mı̇ Çerçevesı̇nde Türkı̇ye’de Sanal Müzelerin Gelı̇şı̇mı̇. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies,26, 329–344.
- Doering, Z. D. (1999). Strangers, guests, or clients? Visitor experiences in museums. Curator: The Museum Journal, 74–87.
- Gehl, J., Gehl Architects. (2004). Towards a fine city for people: Public spaces and public life- London. Transport for London (Organization), & Central London Partnership. Copenhagen: Gehl Architects.
- Habermas, J. (1991). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge: MIT Press.
- Hooper-Greenhill, E. (1999). Müze ve Galeri Eğitimi. Çev. Meltem Ö. Evren ve Emine G. Kapçı, Yay. Haz. Bekir ONUR, Ankara: A.Ü. Çocuk Kültürü Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Yayınları.
- Hoptman, GH. (1992). The virtual museum and related epistemological concerns. In: Barrett, NE (ed.) Sociomedia: Multimedia, Hypermedia and the Social Construction of Knowledge. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.141–159. ICOM (2007). Development of the Museum Definition according to ICOM Statutes (2007- 1946).
- ICOM (2010). Key concepts of Museology. (Ed: A. Desvallées and F. Mairesse) Published by Armand Colin.
- Li, S. (2010). The Online Public Space and Popular Ethos in China. Media, Culture & Society,32 (1). 63–83.
- Madanipour, A. (2003). Public and Private Spaces of the City. London: Routledge. Özden, K., and Özmat, M. (2014). Salgın ve Kent: 1347 Veba Salgınının Avrupa’da Sosyal, Politik ve Ekonomik Sonuçları. İdealkent, 5(12), 60-87.
- Paköz, M. Z., Sözer, C., & Doğan, A. (2021). Changing perceptions and usage of public and pseudo - public spaces in the post - pandemic city: the case of Istanbul. Urban Design International.
- Sennett, Richard. (1977). The Fall of Public Man. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Taylor, Charles. (2003). Modern Social Imaginaries. Duke University Press.
- Ülkeryıldız, E., Vural, D. C., & Yıldız, D. (2020). Transformation of Public and Private Spaces: Instrumentality of Restrictions on the Use of Public Space During COVID 19 Pandemic. 3rdInternational Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism (ICCAUA- 2020), May, 200–205.
- WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): How is it transmitted? https://www.who.int/newsroom/-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted Received from: 07.07.2021
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mimarlık |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Ekim 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 8 Temmuz 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2 |
Kaynak Göster
Tüm Hakları Saklıdır - Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi MİMARLIK FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ, CC-BY-NC lisansı altında açık erişimli bir dergidir.