Araştırma Makalesi
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Avrupa Birliği Üyesi Ülkelerin Diş ve Güvenlik Politikalarında ve Avrupa Birliği Üyesi Olmayan Ülkelerde Avrupalılaşma

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 79 - 91, 01.06.2021

Öz

Bu çalışma, Avrupa Birliği (AB) ve Ortak Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikasının (OGSP) AB Üyesi olmayan ülkeler ve AB Üyesi Ülkelerin dış ve güvenlik politikalarına etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. İlk olarak, AB’nin dönüştürücü etkisinin kapsamının AB üyeleri ve onların ekonomi, hukukun üstünlüğü ve demokrasi alanlarıyla sınırlı olmadığı tartışılmaktadır. Nispeten az sayıda ve yeni olmasına rağmen, AB'nin AB üyesi olmayan ülkeler ve AB üyelerinin güvenlik, savunma ve dış politikaları üzerinde artan bir etkilerini inceleyen birçok çalışma vardır. Çalışmanın bulguları AB'nin AB üyesi olmayan ülkeler ve AB üyelerinin güvenlik, savunma ve dış politikaları üzerindeki etkilerinin temel olarak dört şekilde gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir: a) sosyalleşme ve deneyimsel öğrenme yoluyla AB/OGSP normlarına ve değerlerine uyum, b) AB çağrılarının ve koşulluluğunun bir sonucu olarak AB/OGSP gerekliliklerine, normlarına ve değerlerine uyum, c) uluslararası düzeyde diplomatik ve ulusal hedefe ulaşmak için AB / OGSP gerekliliklerine, normlarına ve değerlerine uyum ve d) AB'nin iç güç dengesi ve dış politikanın 'yerel kaynakları' üzerindeki etkisi neticesinde AB/OGSP gerekliliklerine, normlarına ve değerlerine uyum.

Kaynakça

  • Aggestam, L. 2004. “Role Identity and Europeanisation of Foreign Policy: a Political- cultural Approach.” In Rethinking European Union Foreign Policy, edited by Ben Tonra and Thomas Christiansen, 81–98. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Aydin, M., and S. A. Acikmese. 2007. “Europeanisation through EU conditionality: understanding new era in Turkish foreign policy.” Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 9, no. 3: 263, 274.
  • Couloumbis, T. 1994. “Introduction: The Impact of EC (EU) Membership on Greece’s foreign policy profile.” In Greece and EU Membership Evaluated, edited by P. Kazakos and P. Loakimidis, 191. London: Pinter.
  • Dimitrova, A. 2002. “Enlargement, Institution-Building and the EU’s Administrative Capacity Requirement.” West European Politics 25, no. 4: 171–90
  • Eriksson, A. 2006. Europeanisation and Governance in Defence Policy: the Example of Sweden. Stockholm: Stockholm University
  • Fischer, A., S. Nicolet, and P. Sciarini. 2002. “Europeanisation of a Non-European Country: The Case of Swiss Immigration Policy.” West European Politics 25, no. 4: 143– 170.
  • Fredrick, L. O. 2008. “Sweden and the Development of the European Security and Defence Policy: A Bi-Directional Process of Europeanisation.” College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 5/2008.
  • Goetz, K. H. 2001. “European integration and National Executives: A Cause in Search of an Effect.” In Europeanized Politics, edited by K. H. Goetz and S. Hix, 211–31. London: Frank Cass.
  • Grabbe, H. 2001. “How does Europeanisation affect CEE governance? Conditionality, diffusion and diversity.” Journal of European Public Policy 8, no. 6: 1013–31.
  • ———. 2003. “Europeanisation Goes East: Power and Uncertainty in the EU Accession Process.” In The Politics of Europeanisation, edited by Kevin Featherstone and Claudio M. Radaelli, 303-327. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • ———. 2006. The EU’s Transformative Power: Europeanisation through Conditionality in Central and Eastern Europe. Houndmills, Basingstoke, and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Vink, M. P., and P. Graziano. 2003. “What is Europeanisation? and other questions on a new research agenda.” European Political Science 3, no. 1: 63–74.
  • Gross, E. 2007. “Germany and European Security and Defence Cooperation: The Europeanisation of National Crisis Management Policies?” Security Dialogue 38, no. 4: 501–20.
  • ———. 2009. Europeanisation of National Foreign Policy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Gündogdu, A. 2001. “Identities in Question: Greek-Turkish Relations in a Period of Transformation?” Middle East Review of International Affairs 5, no. 1: 106–17.
  • Hergüner, B. 2020. An Analysis of the EU’s Soft Power and the EU – Turkey Relations Through Metaphors. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Yıl:19 Temmuz 2020 (Özel Ek) Prof. Dr. Sabri ORMAN Özel Sayısı, 501-514.
  • Howorth J. 2004. Discourse, ideas and epistemic communities in European security and defence policy. West Eur. Polit. 27(1):29–52
  • Hill, C. 1983. National foreign policies and European political cooperation. London: Allen & Unwin.
  • Jacoby, W. 2004. The Enlargement of the European Union and NATO: Ordering from the Menu in Central Europe. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Juncos, Ana, and K. Pomorska. 2006. “Playing the Brussels Game: strategic Scocialisation in the CFSP Council Working Groups.” European Integration Online Paper 10.
  • Kalkan, E. 2015. Europeanisation of change in foreign policy: Transformation of Turkish foreign policy in the EU accession process, unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, submitted to University of Kent
  • Kalkan, E. 2017. Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği Sürecinde Demokratikleşme Çabaları. B. Hergüner, & E. Kalkan içinde, Farklı Boyutlarıyla Avrupa Birliği–Türkiye İlişkileri: Türkiye’nin Dönüşümünde Avrupa Birliği’nin Rolü (s. 23-44). Ankara: Siyasal.
  • Kalkan, E. 2020. “Turkey in the Future of European Union Security.” In Contemporary Issues in International Relations:Problems of the International Community, edited by M. E. Erendor, M. F. Öztarsu, 237-251. Cambridge Scholars Publishing: Cambridge.
  • Kalkan, E. 2020. The Longstanding Dispute between Turkey and Greece: the Aegean Issue. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 28, 167-174.
  • Kaminska, J. 2007. “New Members and the CFSP: Europeanisation of the Polish foreign policy.” Political Perspectives 2, no. 2: 1=24.
  • Major, C. 2005. “Europeanisation and foreign and security policy: undermining or rescuing the nation state.” Politics, pp. 175–90.
  • Manners, I., and R. Whitman. 2000. “Introduction.” In The Foreign Policy of the European Union Member States, edited by Jan Manners and Richard G. Whitman, 1-16. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Pomorska, K. 2007. “The Impact of Enlargement: Europeanisation of Polish Foreign Policy? Tracking Adaptation and Change in the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.” The Huge Journal of Diplomacy 2: 25–51.
  • Radaelli C, “Europeanisation: Solution or problem?” European Integration online Papers (EIoP) 8, no. 16: 5.
  • Rua, S. 2008. “The Europeanisation of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.” ARANA Report No. 8.
  • Schimmelfennig, F., and U. Sedelmeier. 2004. “Governance by conditionality: EU rule transfer to the candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe.” Journal of European Public Policy 11, no. 4: 661–79.
  • Sedelmeier, U. 2006. “Europeanisation in New Member and Candidate States.” Living Reviews in European Governance 1, no. 3: 1-28.
  • Sverdrup, U., and S. Kux. 2000. “Fuzzy Borders and Adaptive Outsiders: Norway, Switzerland, and the EU.” Journal of European Integration 22, no. 3: 237–70.
  • Smith, M. E. 2000. “Conforming to Europe: the domestic impact of EU foreign policy cooperation.” Journal of European Public Policy 7: 614.
  • Tonra, B. 2000. “Denmark and Ireland.” In The Foreign Policy of European Union Member States, edited by I. Manners and R. G. Whitman, 245. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • ———. 2001. The Europeanisation of National Foreign Policy Dutch, Danish and Irish Foreign Policy in the EU. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Tonra, B., and T. Christiansen. 2004. Rethinking European Union Foreign Policy. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Torreblanca, J. I. 2001. “Ideas, Preferences and institutions: Explanation the Europeanisation of Spanish Foreign Policy.” ARENA Working Paper 01/26.
  • Vink, M. P., and P. Graziano. 2003. “What is Europeanisation? and other questions on a new research agenda.” European Political Science 3, no. 1: 63–74.
  • Wallace, H. 2000. “Europeanisation and Globalization: Complementary or Contradictory Trends?” New Political Economy 5, no. 3: 369–82.
  • White, Brian. 2001. Understanding European Foreign Policy. London: Palgrave.

Europeanisation in Non-European Union Countries and the Foreign and Security Policies of Associated States

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 79 - 91, 01.06.2021

Öz

This study aims to explore the influence of the European Union (EU) and Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) on non-EU countries and the foreign and security policies of associated states. It argues that the scope of EU’s transformative impact is not limited to the EU members and their economy, rule of law and democracy. Although it is at a relatively few and new, the EU has an increasing impact on non-EU countries and the security, defence and foreign policies of EU members. The findings of study reveals that the influence of the EU on non-EU members and on the security, defence and foreign policies of EU members occurs in four ways: a) adaptation to the EU/CSDP norms and values through socialisation and experimental learning, b) adaptation to the EU/CSDP requirements, norms and values as an outcome of the EU calls and conditionality, c) adaptation to the EU/CSDP requirements, norms and values to achieve diplomatic and national goal at international level and d) adaptation to the EU/CSDP requirements, norms and values as an outcome of the effect of the EU on the domestic balance of power and the ‘domestic sources’ of external policy.

Kaynakça

  • Aggestam, L. 2004. “Role Identity and Europeanisation of Foreign Policy: a Political- cultural Approach.” In Rethinking European Union Foreign Policy, edited by Ben Tonra and Thomas Christiansen, 81–98. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Aydin, M., and S. A. Acikmese. 2007. “Europeanisation through EU conditionality: understanding new era in Turkish foreign policy.” Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 9, no. 3: 263, 274.
  • Couloumbis, T. 1994. “Introduction: The Impact of EC (EU) Membership on Greece’s foreign policy profile.” In Greece and EU Membership Evaluated, edited by P. Kazakos and P. Loakimidis, 191. London: Pinter.
  • Dimitrova, A. 2002. “Enlargement, Institution-Building and the EU’s Administrative Capacity Requirement.” West European Politics 25, no. 4: 171–90
  • Eriksson, A. 2006. Europeanisation and Governance in Defence Policy: the Example of Sweden. Stockholm: Stockholm University
  • Fischer, A., S. Nicolet, and P. Sciarini. 2002. “Europeanisation of a Non-European Country: The Case of Swiss Immigration Policy.” West European Politics 25, no. 4: 143– 170.
  • Fredrick, L. O. 2008. “Sweden and the Development of the European Security and Defence Policy: A Bi-Directional Process of Europeanisation.” College of Europe EU Diplomacy Paper 5/2008.
  • Goetz, K. H. 2001. “European integration and National Executives: A Cause in Search of an Effect.” In Europeanized Politics, edited by K. H. Goetz and S. Hix, 211–31. London: Frank Cass.
  • Grabbe, H. 2001. “How does Europeanisation affect CEE governance? Conditionality, diffusion and diversity.” Journal of European Public Policy 8, no. 6: 1013–31.
  • ———. 2003. “Europeanisation Goes East: Power and Uncertainty in the EU Accession Process.” In The Politics of Europeanisation, edited by Kevin Featherstone and Claudio M. Radaelli, 303-327. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • ———. 2006. The EU’s Transformative Power: Europeanisation through Conditionality in Central and Eastern Europe. Houndmills, Basingstoke, and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Vink, M. P., and P. Graziano. 2003. “What is Europeanisation? and other questions on a new research agenda.” European Political Science 3, no. 1: 63–74.
  • Gross, E. 2007. “Germany and European Security and Defence Cooperation: The Europeanisation of National Crisis Management Policies?” Security Dialogue 38, no. 4: 501–20.
  • ———. 2009. Europeanisation of National Foreign Policy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Gündogdu, A. 2001. “Identities in Question: Greek-Turkish Relations in a Period of Transformation?” Middle East Review of International Affairs 5, no. 1: 106–17.
  • Hergüner, B. 2020. An Analysis of the EU’s Soft Power and the EU – Turkey Relations Through Metaphors. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Yıl:19 Temmuz 2020 (Özel Ek) Prof. Dr. Sabri ORMAN Özel Sayısı, 501-514.
  • Howorth J. 2004. Discourse, ideas and epistemic communities in European security and defence policy. West Eur. Polit. 27(1):29–52
  • Hill, C. 1983. National foreign policies and European political cooperation. London: Allen & Unwin.
  • Jacoby, W. 2004. The Enlargement of the European Union and NATO: Ordering from the Menu in Central Europe. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Juncos, Ana, and K. Pomorska. 2006. “Playing the Brussels Game: strategic Scocialisation in the CFSP Council Working Groups.” European Integration Online Paper 10.
  • Kalkan, E. 2015. Europeanisation of change in foreign policy: Transformation of Turkish foreign policy in the EU accession process, unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, submitted to University of Kent
  • Kalkan, E. 2017. Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği Sürecinde Demokratikleşme Çabaları. B. Hergüner, & E. Kalkan içinde, Farklı Boyutlarıyla Avrupa Birliği–Türkiye İlişkileri: Türkiye’nin Dönüşümünde Avrupa Birliği’nin Rolü (s. 23-44). Ankara: Siyasal.
  • Kalkan, E. 2020. “Turkey in the Future of European Union Security.” In Contemporary Issues in International Relations:Problems of the International Community, edited by M. E. Erendor, M. F. Öztarsu, 237-251. Cambridge Scholars Publishing: Cambridge.
  • Kalkan, E. 2020. The Longstanding Dispute between Turkey and Greece: the Aegean Issue. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 28, 167-174.
  • Kaminska, J. 2007. “New Members and the CFSP: Europeanisation of the Polish foreign policy.” Political Perspectives 2, no. 2: 1=24.
  • Major, C. 2005. “Europeanisation and foreign and security policy: undermining or rescuing the nation state.” Politics, pp. 175–90.
  • Manners, I., and R. Whitman. 2000. “Introduction.” In The Foreign Policy of the European Union Member States, edited by Jan Manners and Richard G. Whitman, 1-16. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Pomorska, K. 2007. “The Impact of Enlargement: Europeanisation of Polish Foreign Policy? Tracking Adaptation and Change in the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.” The Huge Journal of Diplomacy 2: 25–51.
  • Radaelli C, “Europeanisation: Solution or problem?” European Integration online Papers (EIoP) 8, no. 16: 5.
  • Rua, S. 2008. “The Europeanisation of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.” ARANA Report No. 8.
  • Schimmelfennig, F., and U. Sedelmeier. 2004. “Governance by conditionality: EU rule transfer to the candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe.” Journal of European Public Policy 11, no. 4: 661–79.
  • Sedelmeier, U. 2006. “Europeanisation in New Member and Candidate States.” Living Reviews in European Governance 1, no. 3: 1-28.
  • Sverdrup, U., and S. Kux. 2000. “Fuzzy Borders and Adaptive Outsiders: Norway, Switzerland, and the EU.” Journal of European Integration 22, no. 3: 237–70.
  • Smith, M. E. 2000. “Conforming to Europe: the domestic impact of EU foreign policy cooperation.” Journal of European Public Policy 7: 614.
  • Tonra, B. 2000. “Denmark and Ireland.” In The Foreign Policy of European Union Member States, edited by I. Manners and R. G. Whitman, 245. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • ———. 2001. The Europeanisation of National Foreign Policy Dutch, Danish and Irish Foreign Policy in the EU. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Tonra, B., and T. Christiansen. 2004. Rethinking European Union Foreign Policy. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Torreblanca, J. I. 2001. “Ideas, Preferences and institutions: Explanation the Europeanisation of Spanish Foreign Policy.” ARENA Working Paper 01/26.
  • Vink, M. P., and P. Graziano. 2003. “What is Europeanisation? and other questions on a new research agenda.” European Political Science 3, no. 1: 63–74.
  • Wallace, H. 2000. “Europeanisation and Globalization: Complementary or Contradictory Trends?” New Political Economy 5, no. 3: 369–82.
  • White, Brian. 2001. Understanding European Foreign Policy. London: Palgrave.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Erol Kalkan 0000-0003-2846-4088

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kalkan, E. (2021). Europeanisation in Non-European Union Countries and the Foreign and Security Policies of Associated States. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi Ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 3(1), 79-91.
AMA Kalkan E. Europeanisation in Non-European Union Countries and the Foreign and Security Policies of Associated States. Novus Orbis. Haziran 2021;3(1):79-91.
Chicago Kalkan, Erol. “Europeanisation in Non-European Union Countries and the Foreign and Security Policies of Associated States”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi Ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 3, sy. 1 (Haziran 2021): 79-91.
EndNote Kalkan E (01 Haziran 2021) Europeanisation in Non-European Union Countries and the Foreign and Security Policies of Associated States. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 3 1 79–91.
IEEE E. Kalkan, “Europeanisation in Non-European Union Countries and the Foreign and Security Policies of Associated States”, Novus Orbis, c. 3, sy. 1, ss. 79–91, 2021.
ISNAD Kalkan, Erol. “Europeanisation in Non-European Union Countries and the Foreign and Security Policies of Associated States”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 3/1 (Haziran 2021), 79-91.
JAMA Kalkan E. Europeanisation in Non-European Union Countries and the Foreign and Security Policies of Associated States. Novus Orbis. 2021;3:79–91.
MLA Kalkan, Erol. “Europeanisation in Non-European Union Countries and the Foreign and Security Policies of Associated States”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi Ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 79-91.
Vancouver Kalkan E. Europeanisation in Non-European Union Countries and the Foreign and Security Policies of Associated States. Novus Orbis. 2021;3(1):79-91.