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Green Infrastructure and Ecosystem Services on Urban Systems

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 1 - 11, 31.12.2019

Öz

Ecosystem
services and green infrastructure, which are important in terms of land use
planning in ensuring the sustainability of urban systems, are being used
effectively in urban planning studies in many developed countries around the
world. Green infrastructure systems are strategically planned networks of
natural, semi-natural and cultural areas. Ecosystem services describe the
benefits of ecosystem functions to people directly or indirectly. In this study
the relationship in green infrastructure and ecosystem services are evaluated,
their integration to landscape planning studies in urban scale is discussed and
analysed through studies conducted in Turkey and around the world. In this
context, the integration of the relationship between green infrastructure and
ecosystem services importance with the urban planning studies and policies in
terms of conservation and sustainability of natural and cultural landscapes in
urban areas, has been emphasized.

Kaynakça

  • Alder J, Benin S, Cassman KG, Cooper HD, Johns T, Gaskell J, Grainger R, Kadungure S, Otte J, Rola A, Watson R, Wijkstrom U, Devendra C, Food in Hassan R, Scholes R ve Ash N, eds (2005) , Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Current State and Trends Volume 1, 211 - 238, Island Press, Washington DC, London.
  • Albayrak İ (2012) Ekosistem Servislerine Dayalı Havza Yönetim Modelinin İstanbul Ömerli Havzası Örneğinde Uygulanabilirliği. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 198 s.
  • Arneth A, Barratt D, Cassman K, Christensen T, Cornell S, Foley J, Ganzeveld L, Thomas H, Houweling S, Scholze M, Joos F, Kohfeld K, Manizza M, Ojima D, Prentice IC, L Schaaf C, Smith B, Tegen I,Thonicke K, Warwick N (2005) Climate And Air Quality İn Hassan, R., Scholes, R. Ve Ash, N., Eds, Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Current State and Trends Volume 1, 357 - 384, Island Press, Washington DC, London.
  • Arslan Muhacir S (2014) Ekosistem Servisleri Kapsamında Kırsal Turizm Alternatiflerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Ankara-Haymana İlçesi Örneği, Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 139 s.
  • Atmiş E (2016). Kentlere Soluk Aldıran Bir Sistem: Yeşil Altyapı, Süsbir Haber, Sayı 6, ss.64-66.
  • Avrupa Çevre Ajansı (2011) Green infrastructure and territorial cohesion: The concept of green infrastructure and its integrationinto policies using monitoring systems. ISSN 1725-2237.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu (2013). Building a Green Infrastructure for Europe. European Commission Building a Green Infrastructure for Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union 2013-24 pp. doi: 10.2779/54125. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ nature/ecosystems/docs/green_infrastructure_broc.pdf.
  • Baggethun EG, Barton D (2013) “Classifying and Valuing Ecosystem Services for Urban Planning,” Ecological Economics, s. 86, ss. 235–245.
  • Baggethun G E, Gren A, Barton DN, Langemeyer J, McPhearson T, O’Farrell P, Anderson E, Hamstead Z, Kremer P (2015). Chapter 11 Urban Ecosystem Services, Erişim: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/257408447_Urban_Ecosystem_Services.
  • Basnou C, Pino J, Terradas J (2015). Ecosystem services provided by green infrastructure in the urban environmental. CAB Reviews, 10. doi: 10.1079/PAVSNNR201510004.
  • Bastian O, Haase D, Grunewald K (2012). Ecosystem properties, potentials and services-The EPPS conceptual framework and an urban application example. Ecological Indicators, 21.
  • Benedict M A, McMahon E T (2002) Green infrastructure: smart conservation for the 21st century, Renewable Resources Journal, 20(3): 12-17 pp.
  • Benedict M, McMahon E (2006). Green infrastructure: linking landscapes and communities.
  • Bolund P, Hunhammar S (1999) Ecosystem Services in Urban Areas. Ecological Economics, 29, 293-301.
  • Boyd J, Banzhaf S (2007) What are ecosystem services? The need for standardized environmental accounting units, Ecological Economics, 63, 2–3, 616–626.
  • Chaparro L, Terradas J (2015). Ecological services of urban forest in Barcelona, https://www.itreetools.org/resources/reports/BarcelonaEcosystemAnalysis.pdf.
  • Coutts C, Hahn M (2015) International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health 2015, 12, 9768-9798; doi:10.3390/ijerph120809768.
  • Çoban A, Yücel M (2018) Kent Planlamasında Ekosistem Hizmetlerinin Rolü, Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 6 (2018) 444-454.
  • Daily GC (1997). Introduction: what are ecosystem services, in Daily, G.C.,eds.,Nature's Services. Island Press, 1–10, Washington DC.
  • Davies C, MacFarlane R, McGloin C, Roe M (2015) Green infrastructure planning guide technical report. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1191.3688.
  • De Groot, R S, Alkemade R, Braat L, Hein L, Willemen L. (2010). Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making. . Ecological Complexity, 7, 260-272.
  • Demiroğlu D, Karadağ AA (2015) “Ecosystem Services Approach To Spatial Planning In Turkey,” I. Uluslararası Kent Araştırmaları Kongresi’nde sunuldu, Eskişehir.Ehrlich PR, Ehrlich AH (1981) Extinction: the causes and consequences of the disappearance of species. Random House, New York.
  • Eşbah H, Cook EA, Ewan J (2009) Effects of increasing urbanisation on the ecological integrity of open space preserves. Environmental Management 43: 846-862.
  • Fung T, So LLH, Chen Y, Shi P, Wang J (2008) Analysis of green space in Chongqing and Nanjing, cities of China with ASTER images using object-oriented image classification and landscape metric analysis, International Journal of Remote Sensing 29(24): 7159-7180.
  • Gómez Baggethun E, Barton D N (2013). Classifying and valuing ecosystem services for urban planning. Ecological Economics, 86, 235-245. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.08.019.
  • Hansen R, Pauleit S (2014). From Multifunctionality to Multiple Ecosystem Services? A Conceptual Framework for Multifunctionality in Green Infrastructure Planning for Urban Areas. [journal article]. AMBIO, 43(4), 516-529. doi: 10.1007/s13280-014-0510-2.
  • Hepcan Ş (2013) Analyzing the pattern and connectivity of urban green spaces: A case study of Izmir, Turkey, Urban Ecosystems 16: 279-293.
  • Hepcan Ş, Kaplan A, Özkan MB, Küçükerbaş EV, Yiğit EM, Türel HS (2006) Public space networks as a guide to sustainable urban development and social life: a case study of Mugla, Turkey. Int J Sust Dev World 13: 1-15.
  • Hermann A, Schleifer S, Wrbka T (2011) The concept of ecosystem services regarding landscape research: A review. Living Reviews in Landscape Research, (5),1.
  • Özeren M (2012). Yeşil Altyapı Sistemi Kapsamında Meles Deltası ve Çevresinin Kurgulanması, Ege Üniversitesi, F.B.E. Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir.
  • Kaplan A (2012). “Green Infrastructure” concept as an effective medium to manipulating sustainable urban development, Ö. Y. Ercoskun, (Ed.), IGI Global, USA, 384p.
  • Logsdon R A (2011) Development of a quantification method for ecosystem services. Master thesis. Purdue University, Department of Engineering,129, India.
  • Mooney H, Ehrlich P (1997). Ecosystem services: a fragmentary history. In G. C. Daily (Ed.), Nature's Services. Washington, DC: Island Press.
  • MEA (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-Being - Biodiversity Synthesis, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Island Press, Washington DC.
  • MEA (2007). A Toolkit for Understanding and Action – Protecting Nature’s Services, Protecting Ourselves,Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, WashingtonDC: Island Press, London.
  • Pickett STA, Cadenasso M L, Grove J M, Nilon CH, Pouyat RV, Zipperer WC, Costanza R (2001). Urban ecological systems: linking terrestrial ecological, physical, and socioeconomic components of metropolitan areas. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32, 127-157.
  • Selim S (2015). Yeşil Altyapı Bağlamında Köyceğiz-Dalyan Havzası Planlama Kurgusu. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, 143s, İzmir.
  • Steiner F (2011) Landscape ecological urbanism: origins and trajectories. Landscape and Urban Planning 100: 333-337.
  • Thorp J H, Flotemersch JE, Delong MD, Casper A F, Thoms M C, Ballantyne F (2010). Linking ecosystem services, rehabilitation and river hydrogeomorphology. Bioscience, 60(1)(67-74).
  • Tokuş M, Tuncay Eşbah H (2010) Ekolojik ağlar yeşil yollar ve yeşil altyapı kavramlarının tariflenmesi, ortaklık ve farklılıklarının ortaya konulması, Peyzaj Mimarlığı IV. Kongresi 21-24 Ekim 2010 Selçuk İzmir, Bildiriler Kitabı: 501-508.
  • Van De Berg A, Kulenthran T, Muller S, Pitt D, Wascher D, Wijesuriya G(2005) Cultural and Amenity Services in Hassan, R., Scholes, R. ve Ash, N., eds, Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Current State and Trends Volume 1, 457 - 473, Island Press, Washington DC, London.
  • Wentworth J (2017) Urban Green Infrastructure and Ecosystem Services, https://naturalresources.wales/media/682198/urban-green-infrastructure-ecosystem-services.pdf.

Kentsel Sistemlerde Yeşil Altyapı ve Ekosistem Hizmetleri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 1 - 11, 31.12.2019

Öz

Kent sistemlerinin sürdürülebilirliğinin
sağlanmasında alan kullanım planlaması açısından önem taşıyan ekosistem
hizmetleri ve yeşil altyapı çalışmaları, dünyada birçok gelişmiş ülkede kentsel
planlama çalışmalarında etkin olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yeşil altyapı sistemleri
doğal, yarı-doğal ve kültürel alanların stratejik olarak planlanmış ağlarıdır.
Ekosistem hizmetleri ise ekosistem işlevlerinin insanlara doğrudan veya dolaylı
olarak sağladığı faydaları tanımlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada yeşil altyapı ve
ekosistem hizmetleri ilişkisi kentsel ölçekte peyzaj planlama çalışmalarına
entegrasyonu, Türkiye ve dünyada yapılmış çalışmalar üzerinden
değerlendirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Alder J, Benin S, Cassman KG, Cooper HD, Johns T, Gaskell J, Grainger R, Kadungure S, Otte J, Rola A, Watson R, Wijkstrom U, Devendra C, Food in Hassan R, Scholes R ve Ash N, eds (2005) , Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Current State and Trends Volume 1, 211 - 238, Island Press, Washington DC, London.
  • Albayrak İ (2012) Ekosistem Servislerine Dayalı Havza Yönetim Modelinin İstanbul Ömerli Havzası Örneğinde Uygulanabilirliği. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 198 s.
  • Arneth A, Barratt D, Cassman K, Christensen T, Cornell S, Foley J, Ganzeveld L, Thomas H, Houweling S, Scholze M, Joos F, Kohfeld K, Manizza M, Ojima D, Prentice IC, L Schaaf C, Smith B, Tegen I,Thonicke K, Warwick N (2005) Climate And Air Quality İn Hassan, R., Scholes, R. Ve Ash, N., Eds, Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Current State and Trends Volume 1, 357 - 384, Island Press, Washington DC, London.
  • Arslan Muhacir S (2014) Ekosistem Servisleri Kapsamında Kırsal Turizm Alternatiflerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Ankara-Haymana İlçesi Örneği, Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 139 s.
  • Atmiş E (2016). Kentlere Soluk Aldıran Bir Sistem: Yeşil Altyapı, Süsbir Haber, Sayı 6, ss.64-66.
  • Avrupa Çevre Ajansı (2011) Green infrastructure and territorial cohesion: The concept of green infrastructure and its integrationinto policies using monitoring systems. ISSN 1725-2237.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu (2013). Building a Green Infrastructure for Europe. European Commission Building a Green Infrastructure for Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union 2013-24 pp. doi: 10.2779/54125. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ nature/ecosystems/docs/green_infrastructure_broc.pdf.
  • Baggethun EG, Barton D (2013) “Classifying and Valuing Ecosystem Services for Urban Planning,” Ecological Economics, s. 86, ss. 235–245.
  • Baggethun G E, Gren A, Barton DN, Langemeyer J, McPhearson T, O’Farrell P, Anderson E, Hamstead Z, Kremer P (2015). Chapter 11 Urban Ecosystem Services, Erişim: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/257408447_Urban_Ecosystem_Services.
  • Basnou C, Pino J, Terradas J (2015). Ecosystem services provided by green infrastructure in the urban environmental. CAB Reviews, 10. doi: 10.1079/PAVSNNR201510004.
  • Bastian O, Haase D, Grunewald K (2012). Ecosystem properties, potentials and services-The EPPS conceptual framework and an urban application example. Ecological Indicators, 21.
  • Benedict M A, McMahon E T (2002) Green infrastructure: smart conservation for the 21st century, Renewable Resources Journal, 20(3): 12-17 pp.
  • Benedict M, McMahon E (2006). Green infrastructure: linking landscapes and communities.
  • Bolund P, Hunhammar S (1999) Ecosystem Services in Urban Areas. Ecological Economics, 29, 293-301.
  • Boyd J, Banzhaf S (2007) What are ecosystem services? The need for standardized environmental accounting units, Ecological Economics, 63, 2–3, 616–626.
  • Chaparro L, Terradas J (2015). Ecological services of urban forest in Barcelona, https://www.itreetools.org/resources/reports/BarcelonaEcosystemAnalysis.pdf.
  • Coutts C, Hahn M (2015) International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health 2015, 12, 9768-9798; doi:10.3390/ijerph120809768.
  • Çoban A, Yücel M (2018) Kent Planlamasında Ekosistem Hizmetlerinin Rolü, Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 6 (2018) 444-454.
  • Daily GC (1997). Introduction: what are ecosystem services, in Daily, G.C.,eds.,Nature's Services. Island Press, 1–10, Washington DC.
  • Davies C, MacFarlane R, McGloin C, Roe M (2015) Green infrastructure planning guide technical report. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1191.3688.
  • De Groot, R S, Alkemade R, Braat L, Hein L, Willemen L. (2010). Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making. . Ecological Complexity, 7, 260-272.
  • Demiroğlu D, Karadağ AA (2015) “Ecosystem Services Approach To Spatial Planning In Turkey,” I. Uluslararası Kent Araştırmaları Kongresi’nde sunuldu, Eskişehir.Ehrlich PR, Ehrlich AH (1981) Extinction: the causes and consequences of the disappearance of species. Random House, New York.
  • Eşbah H, Cook EA, Ewan J (2009) Effects of increasing urbanisation on the ecological integrity of open space preserves. Environmental Management 43: 846-862.
  • Fung T, So LLH, Chen Y, Shi P, Wang J (2008) Analysis of green space in Chongqing and Nanjing, cities of China with ASTER images using object-oriented image classification and landscape metric analysis, International Journal of Remote Sensing 29(24): 7159-7180.
  • Gómez Baggethun E, Barton D N (2013). Classifying and valuing ecosystem services for urban planning. Ecological Economics, 86, 235-245. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.08.019.
  • Hansen R, Pauleit S (2014). From Multifunctionality to Multiple Ecosystem Services? A Conceptual Framework for Multifunctionality in Green Infrastructure Planning for Urban Areas. [journal article]. AMBIO, 43(4), 516-529. doi: 10.1007/s13280-014-0510-2.
  • Hepcan Ş (2013) Analyzing the pattern and connectivity of urban green spaces: A case study of Izmir, Turkey, Urban Ecosystems 16: 279-293.
  • Hepcan Ş, Kaplan A, Özkan MB, Küçükerbaş EV, Yiğit EM, Türel HS (2006) Public space networks as a guide to sustainable urban development and social life: a case study of Mugla, Turkey. Int J Sust Dev World 13: 1-15.
  • Hermann A, Schleifer S, Wrbka T (2011) The concept of ecosystem services regarding landscape research: A review. Living Reviews in Landscape Research, (5),1.
  • Özeren M (2012). Yeşil Altyapı Sistemi Kapsamında Meles Deltası ve Çevresinin Kurgulanması, Ege Üniversitesi, F.B.E. Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir.
  • Kaplan A (2012). “Green Infrastructure” concept as an effective medium to manipulating sustainable urban development, Ö. Y. Ercoskun, (Ed.), IGI Global, USA, 384p.
  • Logsdon R A (2011) Development of a quantification method for ecosystem services. Master thesis. Purdue University, Department of Engineering,129, India.
  • Mooney H, Ehrlich P (1997). Ecosystem services: a fragmentary history. In G. C. Daily (Ed.), Nature's Services. Washington, DC: Island Press.
  • MEA (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-Being - Biodiversity Synthesis, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Island Press, Washington DC.
  • MEA (2007). A Toolkit for Understanding and Action – Protecting Nature’s Services, Protecting Ourselves,Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, WashingtonDC: Island Press, London.
  • Pickett STA, Cadenasso M L, Grove J M, Nilon CH, Pouyat RV, Zipperer WC, Costanza R (2001). Urban ecological systems: linking terrestrial ecological, physical, and socioeconomic components of metropolitan areas. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32, 127-157.
  • Selim S (2015). Yeşil Altyapı Bağlamında Köyceğiz-Dalyan Havzası Planlama Kurgusu. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, 143s, İzmir.
  • Steiner F (2011) Landscape ecological urbanism: origins and trajectories. Landscape and Urban Planning 100: 333-337.
  • Thorp J H, Flotemersch JE, Delong MD, Casper A F, Thoms M C, Ballantyne F (2010). Linking ecosystem services, rehabilitation and river hydrogeomorphology. Bioscience, 60(1)(67-74).
  • Tokuş M, Tuncay Eşbah H (2010) Ekolojik ağlar yeşil yollar ve yeşil altyapı kavramlarının tariflenmesi, ortaklık ve farklılıklarının ortaya konulması, Peyzaj Mimarlığı IV. Kongresi 21-24 Ekim 2010 Selçuk İzmir, Bildiriler Kitabı: 501-508.
  • Van De Berg A, Kulenthran T, Muller S, Pitt D, Wascher D, Wijesuriya G(2005) Cultural and Amenity Services in Hassan, R., Scholes, R. ve Ash, N., eds, Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Current State and Trends Volume 1, 457 - 473, Island Press, Washington DC, London.
  • Wentworth J (2017) Urban Green Infrastructure and Ecosystem Services, https://naturalresources.wales/media/682198/urban-green-infrastructure-ecosystem-services.pdf.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Betül Tülek 0000-0002-6584-041X

Merve Ersoy Mirici 0000-0002-8610-6169

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Tülek, B., & Ersoy Mirici, M. (2019). Kentsel Sistemlerde Yeşil Altyapı ve Ekosistem Hizmetleri. PEYZAJ, 1(2), 1-11.