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Schottky Yapılar Üzerine İnceleme ve Analiz Çalışması

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4, 977 - 989, 01.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.426648

Öz

Yüksek sıcaklık ve vakum altında
metal ve yarı iletkenlerin sıkı kontak edilmesi durumunda oluşan metal-yarı
iletken kontaklar üzerinde hala çok sayıda teorik ve deneysel çalışma yapılıyor
olmasına rağmen metal ve yarı
iletken arasındaki bariyerin oluşumu ve iletimi mekanizmaları henüz tam olarak
aydınlatılmamıştır. Bu yapılar hakkında yapılan ilk detaylı çalışmalar W.
Schottky tarafından yapıldığından, bu metal-yarı iletken kontaklar genellikle
Schottky diyotlar/yapılar olarak bilinir. Geçmişten günümüze farklı fiziksel,
kimyasal ve elektriksel özelliklere sahip çeşitli malzemeler kullanılarak
arayüzey tabakalar olmaksızın veya yalıtkan, polimer ve ferroelektrik gibi
arayüzey tabakalar içeren Schottky yapıların performansı arttırılmaya
çalışılmıştır. Çok yüksek frekanslarda ve düşük ileri ön gerilimde
çalışabilmesi ve çok hızlı anahtarlama
kabiliyeti gibi diğer diyotlarda bulunmayan özellikleri, elektronik
teknolojideki yaygın kullanımı ve gelişime açık teknolojiye sahip olması bilim
insanlarını Schottky yapıları üzerinde çalışmaya teşvik etmektedir. Bu
çalışmada, metal yarıiletken ve arayüzey tabakasına sahip metal yarıiletken
Schottky yapıların bu alanda yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar da göz önüne alınarak
incelenmesi, zaman içindeki gelişiminin gözlenmesi ile birlikte dünya ve
Türkiye’de bu alanda yapılan akademik çalışmaların istatistiksel analizi
yapılmıştır. Sonuçta, Türkiye'nin bilimsel çalışmalar bakımından dünyanın
neresinde olduğunu açığa çıkartmak amaçlanmıştır. Aynı zamanda farklı MY
yapılar üzerine yapılmış bilimsel çalışmaların Türkiye ve dünyada ne oranda
karşılık gördüğü de ortaya konulmuştur. Web of Science veri tabanında Science
Citation Index (SCI) tarafından taranan ve hem Türkiye’de hem de tüm dünyada
yapılan akademik çalışmaların analizi veri madenciliği ile otomatik veri
toplama yöntemleri ve Structured Query Language (SQL) sunucu yönetim stüdyosu
programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz sonuçları her alanda
Schottky yapılar üzerine Türkiye ve dünyada yapılan akademik çalışmaların
nerede ise her sene artış
gösterdiğini göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Sze S. M., Kwok K. Ng., “Physics of Semiconductor Devices” 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 9780470068328, New Jersey, (2007).
  • [2] Rhoderick E. H. and Williams R. H., “Metal Semicondutor Contacts”, 2nd ed., Oxford Press, 0198593368, USA, (1988).
  • [3] Northrop D. C. and Rhoderick E. H, “The Physics of Shottky barriers, in Impedance Devices”, Solid State Electronics, 4: 37-73, (1978).
  • [4] Sharma B. L., “Metal-Semiconductor Schottky Barrier Junctions and Their Applications”, Plenum Press, 9781468446555, New York, (1984).
  • [5] Soylu M. and Yakuphanoglu F., “Photovoltaic and interface state density properties of the Au/n-GaAs Schottky barrier solar cell”, Thin Solid Films, 519: 1950-1954, (2011).
  • [6] Farag A. A. M., Yahia I. S. And Fadel M., “Electrical and photovoltaic characteristics of Au/n-CdS Schottky diode”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., 34: 4906-4913, (2009).
  • [7] Sharma A. T., Shahnawaz, Kumar S., Katharria Y. S and Kanjilal D., “Barrier modification of Au/n-GaAs Schottky diode by swift heavy ion irradiation”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 263: 424, (2007).
  • [8] Demirezen S., Özavcı E. and Altındal Ş., “The effect of frequency and temperature on capacitance/conductance–voltage (C/G–V) characteristics of Au/n-GaAs Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs)”, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 23: 1-6, (2014).
  • [9] Gökçen M., Altuntaş H., Altındal Ş. and S. Özçelik, “Frequency and voltage dependence of negative capacitance in Au/SiO2/n-GaAs structures”, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 15: 41–46, (2012).
  • [10] Bhajantri R. F., Ravindrachary V., Harisha A., Ranganathalah C. and Kumaraswamy G. N., “Effect of barium chloride doping on PVA microstructure positron annihilation study”, Appl. Phys. A, 87: 797-805, (2007).
  • [11] Afandiyeva I. M., Dökme İ., Altındal Ş., Bülbül M. M. and Tataroğlu A., “Frequency and voltage effects on the dielectric properties and electrical conductivity of Al–TiW–Pd2Si/n-Si structures”, Microelectronic Engineering, 85: 247-252, (2008).
  • [12] Bilkan Ç., Zeyrek S., San S. E. and Altındal Ş., “A compare of electrical characteristics in Al/p-Si (MS) and Al/C2OH12/p-Si (MPS) type diodes using current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements”, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 32: 137-144, (2015).
  • [13] Sze S. M., Crowell C.R. and Khang D., “Photoelectric Determination of TheImage Force Dielectric Constant For Hot Electrons in Schottky Barriers”, J.Appl. Phys., 35: 2534-2536, (1964).
  • [14] Bethe H. A., “Theory of The Boundry Layer of Crystal Rectifiers”, 43, Radiation Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 12, Cambridge, (1942).
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  • [17] Heine V., “Theory of Surface States”, Phys. Rev., 6A, 138: 1689-1696, (1965).
  • [18] Crowell C. R. and Roberts G. I., “Surface State and Interface Effects on The Capacitance-Voltage Relationship in Schottky Barriers”, J. Appl. Phys., 40: 3726-3730, (1969).
  • [19] Card H. C., Rhoderick E. H., “Studies of Tunnel MOS Diodes I. Interface Effects in Silicon Schottky Diodes”, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 4: 1589-1601, (1971).
  • [20] Levine J., “Schottky Barrier Anomalies and Interface States”, J. Appl. Phys., 42: 3991-3999, (1971).
  • [21] Borrego J. M., Gutmann R.J. and Ashok S., “Interface State Density in Au/n-GaAs Schottky Diodes”, Solid State Elect., 20: 125-132, (1977).
  • [22] Wu C.Y., “Interfacial Layer Theory of The Schottky Barrier Diodes”, J. Appl. Phys., 51: 3786-3789, (1980).
  • [23] Chandra M. M., Prasad M., J. of Solid State Phys. A, 77: 1, (1983).
  • [24] Gomila G., Rubi M., “Relation for The Nonequilibrium Population of The Interface States: Effects on The Bias Dependence of The Ideality Factor”, J.Appl. Phys., 81: 2674-2681, (1997).
  • [25] Baranwal V., Kumar S., Pandey A. C. and Kanjilal D., “Effect of ion irradiation on current–voltage characteristics of Au/n-GaN Schottky diodes”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 480: 962-965, (2009).
  • [26] Hamdaoui N., Ajjel R., Salem B. and Gendry M., “Distribution of barrier heights in metal/n-InAlAs Schottky diodes from current–voltage–temperature measurements”, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 26: 431-437, (2014).
  • [27] Vali I. P., Shetty P. K., Mahesha M. G., Petwal V. C., Dwivedi J. and Choudhary R. J., “Tuning of Schottky barrier height of Al/n-Si by electron beam irradiation”, Applied Surface Science, 407: 171-176, (2017).
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  • [32] Altındal Ş., Karadeniz S., Tuğluoğlu N. and Tataroğlu A., “The role of interface states and series resistance on the I-V and C-V characteristics in Al/SnO2 p-Si Schottky diodes”, Solid State Electron., 47(10): 1847-1854, (2003).
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  • [47] Yahia I. S., Farag A. A., F. Yakuphanoğlu and Farooq W. A., “Temperature dependence of electronic parameters of organic Schottky diode based on fluorescein sodium salt”, Synthetic Metals, 161: 881-887, (2011).
  • [48] Çiçek O., Uslu Tecimer H., Tan S. O., Tecimer H., Altındal Ş and İ. Uslu, “Evaluation of electrical and photovoltaic behaviours as comparative of Au/n-GaAs (MS) diodes with and without pure and graphene (Gr)- doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) interfacial layer under dark and illuminated conditions”, Composites Part B, 98: 260-268, (2016).
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  • [66] Chen G., Yu J. and Lai P.T., “A study on MIS Schottky diode based hydrogen sensor using La2O3 as gate insulator”, Microelectronics Reliability, 52: 1660-1664, (2012).
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Review and Analysis Study on Schottky Structures

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4, 977 - 989, 01.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.426648

Öz

Although quite a few number of theoretical and
experimental studies are still carried out on metal-semiconductor contacts
which forms in case of a tight contact of metal and semiconductor under high
temperature and vacuum, the formation and transmission mechanisms of the
barrier between metal and semiconductor have not yet been fully elucidated.
Since the initial detailed studies about these structures were made by W.
Schottky, these metal-semiconductor contacts are generally known as Schottky
diodes/structures. It has been tried to improve the performance of the Schottky
structures without or with interfacial layers such as insulator or polymer and
ferroelectric by using various materials with different physical, chemical and
electrical properties from past to present. The significant features not found
in other diodes, such as its ability to operate at very high frequencies and
low forward bias, and very fast switching capability, the widespread use in electronic
technology, and the fact that its technology is open for development encourage
scientists to study on Schottky structures. Together with the investigation of
the metal-semiconductor and the metal-semiconductor with interfacial layer
Schottky structures by considering the scientific studies on Schottky
structures, the observation of its progress over time, the statistical analysis
of academic studies in this area over the world and Turkey have been made in
this study. Ultimately, it is aimed to reveal the situation of Turkey over the
world in terms of scientific studies. At the same time, to what extent the
scientific studies on distinct MS structures get reciprocity in the world and
in Turkey is set forth. The analysis of the academic studies which are scanned
by Science Citation Index (SCI) in Web of Science database and made in Turkey
as well as all over the world were performed with data mining by utilizing
automated data collection methods and SQL Server Management Studio program. The
statistical analysis results indicate that the academic studies made for every
type of Schottky structures over the world and Turkey increase for almost every
year.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Sze S. M., Kwok K. Ng., “Physics of Semiconductor Devices” 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 9780470068328, New Jersey, (2007).
  • [2] Rhoderick E. H. and Williams R. H., “Metal Semicondutor Contacts”, 2nd ed., Oxford Press, 0198593368, USA, (1988).
  • [3] Northrop D. C. and Rhoderick E. H, “The Physics of Shottky barriers, in Impedance Devices”, Solid State Electronics, 4: 37-73, (1978).
  • [4] Sharma B. L., “Metal-Semiconductor Schottky Barrier Junctions and Their Applications”, Plenum Press, 9781468446555, New York, (1984).
  • [5] Soylu M. and Yakuphanoglu F., “Photovoltaic and interface state density properties of the Au/n-GaAs Schottky barrier solar cell”, Thin Solid Films, 519: 1950-1954, (2011).
  • [6] Farag A. A. M., Yahia I. S. And Fadel M., “Electrical and photovoltaic characteristics of Au/n-CdS Schottky diode”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., 34: 4906-4913, (2009).
  • [7] Sharma A. T., Shahnawaz, Kumar S., Katharria Y. S and Kanjilal D., “Barrier modification of Au/n-GaAs Schottky diode by swift heavy ion irradiation”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 263: 424, (2007).
  • [8] Demirezen S., Özavcı E. and Altındal Ş., “The effect of frequency and temperature on capacitance/conductance–voltage (C/G–V) characteristics of Au/n-GaAs Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs)”, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 23: 1-6, (2014).
  • [9] Gökçen M., Altuntaş H., Altındal Ş. and S. Özçelik, “Frequency and voltage dependence of negative capacitance in Au/SiO2/n-GaAs structures”, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 15: 41–46, (2012).
  • [10] Bhajantri R. F., Ravindrachary V., Harisha A., Ranganathalah C. and Kumaraswamy G. N., “Effect of barium chloride doping on PVA microstructure positron annihilation study”, Appl. Phys. A, 87: 797-805, (2007).
  • [11] Afandiyeva I. M., Dökme İ., Altındal Ş., Bülbül M. M. and Tataroğlu A., “Frequency and voltage effects on the dielectric properties and electrical conductivity of Al–TiW–Pd2Si/n-Si structures”, Microelectronic Engineering, 85: 247-252, (2008).
  • [12] Bilkan Ç., Zeyrek S., San S. E. and Altındal Ş., “A compare of electrical characteristics in Al/p-Si (MS) and Al/C2OH12/p-Si (MPS) type diodes using current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements”, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 32: 137-144, (2015).
  • [13] Sze S. M., Crowell C.R. and Khang D., “Photoelectric Determination of TheImage Force Dielectric Constant For Hot Electrons in Schottky Barriers”, J.Appl. Phys., 35: 2534-2536, (1964).
  • [14] Bethe H. A., “Theory of The Boundry Layer of Crystal Rectifiers”, 43, Radiation Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 12, Cambridge, (1942).
  • [15] Crowell C. R. and S.M. Sze, “Current transport in metalsemiconductorbarriers”, Solid-State Electronics, 9: 1035-1048, (1966).
  • [16] Rideout V. L., “A Review of The Theory, Technology and Applications of Metal-Semiconductor Rectifiers”, Thin Solid Films, 48: 261-266, (1978),
  • [17] Heine V., “Theory of Surface States”, Phys. Rev., 6A, 138: 1689-1696, (1965).
  • [18] Crowell C. R. and Roberts G. I., “Surface State and Interface Effects on The Capacitance-Voltage Relationship in Schottky Barriers”, J. Appl. Phys., 40: 3726-3730, (1969).
  • [19] Card H. C., Rhoderick E. H., “Studies of Tunnel MOS Diodes I. Interface Effects in Silicon Schottky Diodes”, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 4: 1589-1601, (1971).
  • [20] Levine J., “Schottky Barrier Anomalies and Interface States”, J. Appl. Phys., 42: 3991-3999, (1971).
  • [21] Borrego J. M., Gutmann R.J. and Ashok S., “Interface State Density in Au/n-GaAs Schottky Diodes”, Solid State Elect., 20: 125-132, (1977).
  • [22] Wu C.Y., “Interfacial Layer Theory of The Schottky Barrier Diodes”, J. Appl. Phys., 51: 3786-3789, (1980).
  • [23] Chandra M. M., Prasad M., J. of Solid State Phys. A, 77: 1, (1983).
  • [24] Gomila G., Rubi M., “Relation for The Nonequilibrium Population of The Interface States: Effects on The Bias Dependence of The Ideality Factor”, J.Appl. Phys., 81: 2674-2681, (1997).
  • [25] Baranwal V., Kumar S., Pandey A. C. and Kanjilal D., “Effect of ion irradiation on current–voltage characteristics of Au/n-GaN Schottky diodes”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 480: 962-965, (2009).
  • [26] Hamdaoui N., Ajjel R., Salem B. and Gendry M., “Distribution of barrier heights in metal/n-InAlAs Schottky diodes from current–voltage–temperature measurements”, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 26: 431-437, (2014).
  • [27] Vali I. P., Shetty P. K., Mahesha M. G., Petwal V. C., Dwivedi J. and Choudhary R. J., “Tuning of Schottky barrier height of Al/n-Si by electron beam irradiation”, Applied Surface Science, 407: 171-176, (2017).
  • [28] Sing A., Reinhard K. C. and Anderson W. A., “Temperature dependence of the electrical characteristics of Yb/p-InP tunnel metal-insulator-semiconductor junctions”, J. Appl. Phys., 68: 3475-3479, (1990).
  • [29] Chattopadhyay P. and Daw A. N., “On the current transport mechanism in a metalinsulator-semiconductor diode”, Solid State Electron., 29: 555-560, (1986).
  • [30] Yu A. Y. C., Snow E. H., “Surface Effects on Metal-Silicon Contacts”, J. Appl. Phys., 39: 3008, (1968).
  • [31] Depas M., R., Van Meirhaegh L., Laflere W. H. and Cardon F., “Electrical characteristics of Al/SiO2/n-Si tunnel diodes with an oxide layer grown by rapid thermal oxidation”, Solid State Electron., 37: 433-441, (1994).
  • [32] Altındal Ş., Karadeniz S., Tuğluoğlu N. and Tataroğlu A., “The role of interface states and series resistance on the I-V and C-V characteristics in Al/SnO2 p-Si Schottky diodes”, Solid State Electron., 47(10): 1847-1854, (2003).
  • [33] Goetzberger A., Klausmann E. and Schulz M. J., “Interface states on semiconductor/insulator surfaces”, CRC Critical Reviews in Solid State Sciences, 6: 226-233, (1976).
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Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Derleme Makalesi
Yazarlar

Serhat Orkun Tan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Mart 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Tan, S. O. (2018). Schottky Yapılar Üzerine İnceleme ve Analiz Çalışması. Politeknik Dergisi, 21(4), 977-989. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.426648
AMA Tan SO. Schottky Yapılar Üzerine İnceleme ve Analiz Çalışması. Politeknik Dergisi. Aralık 2018;21(4):977-989. doi:10.2339/politeknik.426648
Chicago Tan, Serhat Orkun. “Schottky Yapılar Üzerine İnceleme Ve Analiz Çalışması”. Politeknik Dergisi 21, sy. 4 (Aralık 2018): 977-89. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.426648.
EndNote Tan SO (01 Aralık 2018) Schottky Yapılar Üzerine İnceleme ve Analiz Çalışması. Politeknik Dergisi 21 4 977–989.
IEEE S. O. Tan, “Schottky Yapılar Üzerine İnceleme ve Analiz Çalışması”, Politeknik Dergisi, c. 21, sy. 4, ss. 977–989, 2018, doi: 10.2339/politeknik.426648.
ISNAD Tan, Serhat Orkun. “Schottky Yapılar Üzerine İnceleme Ve Analiz Çalışması”. Politeknik Dergisi 21/4 (Aralık 2018), 977-989. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.426648.
JAMA Tan SO. Schottky Yapılar Üzerine İnceleme ve Analiz Çalışması. Politeknik Dergisi. 2018;21:977–989.
MLA Tan, Serhat Orkun. “Schottky Yapılar Üzerine İnceleme Ve Analiz Çalışması”. Politeknik Dergisi, c. 21, sy. 4, 2018, ss. 977-89, doi:10.2339/politeknik.426648.
Vancouver Tan SO. Schottky Yapılar Üzerine İnceleme ve Analiz Çalışması. Politeknik Dergisi. 2018;21(4):977-89.
 
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