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Ekolojik Modernleşme Perspektifinden Turizmin Ayak İzini Keşfetme Yolculuğu

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 60, 111 - 131, 28.04.2024

Nalan Işık

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.06

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, turizmin ekolojik etkilerini Ekolojik Modernleşme Teorisi (EMT) merceğinden araştırmaktır. Çalışma, turizmin gelişiminin, ekonomik büyümenin, yeşil inovasyonun ve hükümet etkinliğinin çevreyi nasıl etkilediğini incelemektedir. Sonuçlar, Artırılmış Ortalama Grubuna (AMG) göre hem turizm büyümesinin hem de ekonomik genişlemenin çevre üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koydu. Buna karşılık, yeşil yenilik ve hükümet etkinliğinin olumlu etkileri vardır. Çalışma ayrıca ülkeye özgü katsayı tahminleri de sunmaktadır. Ampirik sonuçlar EMT’nin panel boyunca ve özellikle Almanya, Fransa, Birleşik Krallık ve Rusya için geçerliliğini desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevresel Etki Turizm Ekolojik Modernleşme Teorisi Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi AMG Tahmincisi

Kaynakça

  • Abbasi, K.R. et al. (2021), “Economic complexity, tourism, energy prices, and environmental degradation in the top economic complexity countries: fresh panel evidence”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 68717-68731.
  • Ahmad, F. et al. (2019), “Taking the bad with the good: The nexus between tourism and environmental degradation in the lower middle-income Southeast Asian economies”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 233, 1240-1249.
  • Ahmad, M. et al. (2021), “Modelling the dynamic linkages between eco-innovation, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprints for G7 countries: does financial globalization matter?”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 70, 102881.
  • Ahmed, Z. et al. (2022), “The trade-off between energy consumption, economic growth, militarization, and CO2 emissions: does the treadmill of destruction exist in the modern world?”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 18063-18076.
  • Akbas, Y.E. & F. Lebe (2023), “The effect of poverty and income inequality on CO2 emission based on Environmental Kuznets Curve analysis: Empirical evidence from selected developing countries”, Theoretical and Applied Economics, 2(635), 103-118.
  • Alola, A.A. et al. (2021), “Perspectives of globalization and tourism as drivers of ecological footprint in top 10 destination economies”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 31607-31617.
  • Andereck, K.L. (1993), “The impacts of tourism on natural resources”, Parks & Recreation, 28(6), 26-86.
  • Apergis, N. & J.E. Payne (2010), “Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: evidence from a panel of OECD countries”, Energy Policy, 656-660.
  • Aydin, M. et al. (2023), “The role of green innovation in achieving environmental sustainability in European Union countries: Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis”, Gondwana Research, 118, 105-116.
  • Ballı, E. (2021), “The nexus between tourism, environmental degradation and economic growth”, Ege Academic Review, 21(2), 149-161.
  • Balsalobre-Lorente, D. et al. (2020), “The effects of tourism and globalization over environmental degradation in developed countries”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(7), 7130-7144.
  • Bargaoui, S.A. et al. (2014), “Environmental impact determinants: An empirical analysis based on the STIRPAT model”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 449-458.
  • Becken, S. et al. (2020), “Tourism and climate change: Evaluating the extent of policy integration”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(10), 1603-1624.
  • Bilen, K. et al. (2008), “Energy production, consumption, and environmental pollution for sustainable development: A case study in Turkey”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(6), 1529-1561.
  • Bond, S. & M. Eberhardt (2013), “Accounting for unobserved heterogeneity in panel time series models”, Unpublished Mimeo, Nuffield College University of Oxford.
  • Breusch, T.S. & A.R. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics”, The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Buckley, R. (2011), “Tourism and environment”, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 36, 397-416.
  • Bugden, D. (2022), “Technology, decoupling, and ecological crisis: examining ecological modernization theory through patent data”, Environmental Sociology, 8(2), 228-241.
  • Çakmak, E.E. & S. Acar (2022), “The nexus between economic growth, renewable energy and ecological footprint: An empirical evidence from most oil-producing countries”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 352, 131548.
  • Çam, O. & C. Çelik (2022), “Aşırı Turizm Kapsamında Turistlere Yönelik Olumsuz İfadeler, Yapılan Eylemler ve Bunların Turizme Yansımalarının Değerlendirilmesi”, Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(1), 66-84.
  • Charfeddine, L. & Z. Mrabet (2017), “The impact of economic development and social-political factors on ecological footprint: A panel data analysis for 15 MENA countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 138-154.
  • Cheng, Y. & X. Yao (2021), “Carbon intensity reduction assessment of renewable energy technology innovation in China: A panel data model with cross-section dependence and slope heterogeneity”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 135, 110157.
  • Chu, L.K. (2022), “Determinants of ecological footprint in OCED countries: do environmental-related technologies reduce environmental degradation?”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(16), 23779-23793.
  • Deniz, T. (2019), “Turizm ve Biyoçeşitlilik”, Safran Kültür ve Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 323-339.
  • Eberhardt, M. & F. Teal (2010), “Productivity analysis in global manufacturing production”, Economics Series Working Papers 515, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
  • Eberhardt, M. & S. Bond (2009), “Cross-section dependence in nonstationary panel models: a novel estimator”, MPRA Paper 17692, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Fodha, M. & O. Zaghdoud (2010), “Economic growth and pollutant emissions in Tunisia: an empirical analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve”, Energy Policy, 38(2), 1150-1156.
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  • Godil, D.I. et al. (2020), “Revisiting the role of tourism and globalization in environmental degradation in China: Fresh insights from the quantile ARDL approach”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 272, 122906.
  • Gössling, S. & M.C. Hall (2006), Tourism and Global Environmental Change, Taylor & Francis.
  • Gouldson, A. & J. Murphy (1997), “Ecological modernisation: economic restructuring and the environment”, The Political Quarterly, 68(5), 74-86.
  • Grossman, G.M. & A.B. Krueger (1995), “Economic growth and the environment”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 353-377.
  • Guan, C. et al. (2022), “Impact of tourism industry, globalization, and technology innovation on ecological footprints in G-10 countries”, Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 35(1), 6688-6704.
  • Gulistan, A. et al. (2020), “Dynamic relationship among economic growth, energy, trade openness, tourism, and environmental degradation: fresh global evidence”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(12), 13477-13487.
  • Han, V. et al. (2022), “Türkiye’de Turizm Gelişiminin Çevresel Bozulma Üzerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi”, Fiscaoeconomia, 6(2), 345-361.
  • Haseeb, M. & M. Azam (2021), “Dynamic nexus among tourism, corruption, democracy and environmental degradation: a panel data investigation”, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(4), 5557-5575.
  • Hassan, S.T. (2019), “Linking economic growth and ecological footprint through human capital and biocapacity”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 47, 101516.
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Journey to Discover the Footprint of Tourism from the Perspective of Ecological Modernization

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 60, 111 - 131, 28.04.2024

Nalan Işık

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.06

Öz

This research aims to investigate tourism's environmental impacts through the lens of Ecological Modernization Theory (EMT). The study examines how tourism development, economic growth, green innovation, and government effectiveness affect the environment. According to the Augmented Mean Group (AMG), the results revealed that tourism growth and economic expansion negatively impact the environment. In contrast, green innovation and government effectiveness have positive effects. The study also provides country-specific coefficient estimates. The empirical results support the validity of the EMT across the panel, specifically for Germany, France, the UK, and Russia.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Environmental impact Tourism Ecological Modernization Theory Dynamic Panel Data Analysis AMG Estimator

Kaynakça

  • Abbasi, K.R. et al. (2021), “Economic complexity, tourism, energy prices, and environmental degradation in the top economic complexity countries: fresh panel evidence”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 68717-68731.
  • Ahmad, F. et al. (2019), “Taking the bad with the good: The nexus between tourism and environmental degradation in the lower middle-income Southeast Asian economies”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 233, 1240-1249.
  • Ahmad, M. et al. (2021), “Modelling the dynamic linkages between eco-innovation, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprints for G7 countries: does financial globalization matter?”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 70, 102881.
  • Ahmed, Z. et al. (2022), “The trade-off between energy consumption, economic growth, militarization, and CO2 emissions: does the treadmill of destruction exist in the modern world?”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 18063-18076.
  • Akbas, Y.E. & F. Lebe (2023), “The effect of poverty and income inequality on CO2 emission based on Environmental Kuznets Curve analysis: Empirical evidence from selected developing countries”, Theoretical and Applied Economics, 2(635), 103-118.
  • Alola, A.A. et al. (2021), “Perspectives of globalization and tourism as drivers of ecological footprint in top 10 destination economies”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 31607-31617.
  • Andereck, K.L. (1993), “The impacts of tourism on natural resources”, Parks & Recreation, 28(6), 26-86.
  • Apergis, N. & J.E. Payne (2010), “Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: evidence from a panel of OECD countries”, Energy Policy, 656-660.
  • Aydin, M. et al. (2023), “The role of green innovation in achieving environmental sustainability in European Union countries: Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis”, Gondwana Research, 118, 105-116.
  • Ballı, E. (2021), “The nexus between tourism, environmental degradation and economic growth”, Ege Academic Review, 21(2), 149-161.
  • Balsalobre-Lorente, D. et al. (2020), “The effects of tourism and globalization over environmental degradation in developed countries”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(7), 7130-7144.
  • Bargaoui, S.A. et al. (2014), “Environmental impact determinants: An empirical analysis based on the STIRPAT model”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 449-458.
  • Becken, S. et al. (2020), “Tourism and climate change: Evaluating the extent of policy integration”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(10), 1603-1624.
  • Bilen, K. et al. (2008), “Energy production, consumption, and environmental pollution for sustainable development: A case study in Turkey”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(6), 1529-1561.
  • Bond, S. & M. Eberhardt (2013), “Accounting for unobserved heterogeneity in panel time series models”, Unpublished Mimeo, Nuffield College University of Oxford.
  • Breusch, T.S. & A.R. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics”, The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Buckley, R. (2011), “Tourism and environment”, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 36, 397-416.
  • Bugden, D. (2022), “Technology, decoupling, and ecological crisis: examining ecological modernization theory through patent data”, Environmental Sociology, 8(2), 228-241.
  • Çakmak, E.E. & S. Acar (2022), “The nexus between economic growth, renewable energy and ecological footprint: An empirical evidence from most oil-producing countries”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 352, 131548.
  • Çam, O. & C. Çelik (2022), “Aşırı Turizm Kapsamında Turistlere Yönelik Olumsuz İfadeler, Yapılan Eylemler ve Bunların Turizme Yansımalarının Değerlendirilmesi”, Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(1), 66-84.
  • Charfeddine, L. & Z. Mrabet (2017), “The impact of economic development and social-political factors on ecological footprint: A panel data analysis for 15 MENA countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 138-154.
  • Cheng, Y. & X. Yao (2021), “Carbon intensity reduction assessment of renewable energy technology innovation in China: A panel data model with cross-section dependence and slope heterogeneity”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 135, 110157.
  • Chu, L.K. (2022), “Determinants of ecological footprint in OCED countries: do environmental-related technologies reduce environmental degradation?”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(16), 23779-23793.
  • Deniz, T. (2019), “Turizm ve Biyoçeşitlilik”, Safran Kültür ve Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 323-339.
  • Eberhardt, M. & F. Teal (2010), “Productivity analysis in global manufacturing production”, Economics Series Working Papers 515, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
  • Eberhardt, M. & S. Bond (2009), “Cross-section dependence in nonstationary panel models: a novel estimator”, MPRA Paper 17692, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Fodha, M. & O. Zaghdoud (2010), “Economic growth and pollutant emissions in Tunisia: an empirical analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve”, Energy Policy, 38(2), 1150-1156.
  • Global Carbon Project (2022), Global Carbon Budget, <https://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/>, 22.04.2023.
  • Godil, D.I. et al. (2020), “Revisiting the role of tourism and globalization in environmental degradation in China: Fresh insights from the quantile ARDL approach”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 272, 122906.
  • Gössling, S. & M.C. Hall (2006), Tourism and Global Environmental Change, Taylor & Francis.
  • Gouldson, A. & J. Murphy (1997), “Ecological modernisation: economic restructuring and the environment”, The Political Quarterly, 68(5), 74-86.
  • Grossman, G.M. & A.B. Krueger (1995), “Economic growth and the environment”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 353-377.
  • Guan, C. et al. (2022), “Impact of tourism industry, globalization, and technology innovation on ecological footprints in G-10 countries”, Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 35(1), 6688-6704.
  • Gulistan, A. et al. (2020), “Dynamic relationship among economic growth, energy, trade openness, tourism, and environmental degradation: fresh global evidence”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(12), 13477-13487.
  • Han, V. et al. (2022), “Türkiye’de Turizm Gelişiminin Çevresel Bozulma Üzerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi”, Fiscaoeconomia, 6(2), 345-361.
  • Haseeb, M. & M. Azam (2021), “Dynamic nexus among tourism, corruption, democracy and environmental degradation: a panel data investigation”, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(4), 5557-5575.
  • Hassan, S.T. (2019), “Linking economic growth and ecological footprint through human capital and biocapacity”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 47, 101516.
  • Hillery, M. et al. (2001), “Tourist perception of environmental impact”, Annals of Tourism Research, 28(4), 853-867.
  • Holden, A. (2016), Environment and Tourism, Routledge.
  • Huber, J. (1982), Die verlorene Unschuld der Ökologie: neue Technologien und superindustrielle Entwicklung, S. Fischer.
  • İlban, M.O. & M.T. Liceli (2022), “Ekolojik Ayak İzi ve Turizm Büyümesi Panel Nedensellik İlişkisi”, Gastroia: Journal of Gastronomy And Travel Research, 6(2), 231-241.
  • Jahanger, A. et al. (2022), “Autocracy, democracy, globalization, and environmental pollution in developing world: fresh evidence from STIRPAT model”, Journal of Public Affairs, 22(4), e2753.
  • Jänicke, M. (1985), Preventive Environmentgal Policy as Ecological Modernisation and Structural Policy, Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum, IIUG dp 85-2.
  • Javed, A. et al. (2023), “The impact of green technology innovation, environmental taxes, and renewable energy consumption on ecological footprint in Italy: Fresh evidence from novel dynamic ARDL simulations”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 191, 122534.
  • Jaz, N.A.A. et al. (2023), “Does Tourism Lead to Environmental Impact? Cross-National Static and Dynamic Evidence from the Ecological Footprint”, Institutions and Economies, 15(2), 115-141.
  • Jebli, M. et al. (2019), “The dynamic linkage between renewable energy, tourism, CO2 emissions, economic growth, foreign direct investment, and trade”, Latin American Economic Review, 28(1), 1-19.
  • Karadağ, H. (2021), “Türkiye Ekonomisinde 1990-2016 Döneminde turizm ve çevre ilişkisinin ekonometrik analizi”, Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 164-175.
  • Katircioglu, S. et al. (2018), “Testing the role of tourism development in ecological footprint quality: evidence from top 10 tourist destinations”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 33611-33619.
  • Katircioglu, S. et al. (2020), “Estimating the effects of tourism growth on emission pollutants: empirical evidence from a small island, Cyprus”, Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 13, 391-397.
  • Khan, S.A.R. et al. (2019), “A green ideology in Asian emerging economies: From environmental policy and sustainable development”, Sustainable Development, 27(6), 1063-1075.
  • Kirikkaleli, D. et al. (2023), “Does patents on environmental technologies matter for the ecological footprint in the USA? Evidence from the novel Fourier ARDL approach”, Geoscience Frontiers, 14(4), 101564.
  • Kitzes, J. et al. (2009), “A research agenda for improving national Ecological Footprint accounts”, Ecological Economics, 68(7), 1991-2007.
  • Koçak, E. & O. Uçan (2021), “Yenilenebilir enerji ile istihdam arasındaki ilişki”, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 99-112.
  • Koçak, E. et al. (2020), “The impact of tourism developments on CO2 emissions: An advanced panel data estimation”, Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 100611.
  • Koseoglu, A. et al. (2022), “Green innovation and ecological footprint relationship for a sustainable development: Evidence from top 20 green innovator countries”, Sustainable Development, 30(5), 976-988.
  • Kutlu, Ş.Ş. & M. Kutlu (2022), “Turizm Faaliyetlerinin Ekolojik Ayak İzi Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği”, Maliye Dergisi, 182, 233-249.
  • Lin, S. et al. (2009), “Analysis of the environmental impact of China based on STIRPAT model”, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 29(6), 341-347.
  • Liu, Z. et al. (2022), “Role of tourism development in environmental degradation: A step towards emission reduction”, Journal of Environmental Management, 303, 114078.
  • Long, M.A. et al. (2018), “The great recession, the treadmill of production and ecological disorganization: Did the recession decrease toxic releases across US states, 2005-2014?”, Ecological Economics, 146, 184-192.
  • Milano, C. et al. (2018), “Overtourism: A growing global problem”, The Conversation, 18(1), 1-5.
  • Mol, A.P. & D.A. Sonnenfeld (eds.) (2000), Ecological modernisation around the world: perspectives and critical debates, Psychology Press.
  • Mulali, U. et al. (2022), “Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis: does government effectiveness matter? Evidence from 170 countries”, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24, 12740-12755.
  • Nathaniel, S.P. et al. (2021), “What drives ecological footprint in top ten tourist destinations? Evidence from advanced panel techniques”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(28), 38322-38331.
  • NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2022), <https://www.noaa.gov/>, 05.06.2023.
  • Örnek, İ. & S. Türkmen (2019), “Gelişmiş ve Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezi'nin Analizi”, Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences, 28(3), 109-129.
  • Oyebanji, M.O. et al. (2022), “Patents on environmental technologies and environmental sustainability in Spain”, Sustainability, 14(11), 6670.
  • Özcan, B. et al. (2020), “Energy consumption, economic growth and environmental degradation in OECD countries”, Economic Modelling, 84, 203-213.
  • Özturk, I. et al. (2016), “Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: the role of tourism and ecological footprint”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 1916-1928.
  • Pesaran, M.H. & T. Yamagata (2008), “Testing slope homogeneity in large panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2004) “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels” Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, No: 435.
  • Raza, S.A. et al. (2017), “Tourism development and environmental degradation in the United States: evidence from wavelet-based analysis”, Current Issues in Tourism, 20(16), 1768-1790.
  • Razzaq, A. et al. (2021), “Asymmetric inter-linkages between green technology innovation and consumption-based carbon emissions in BRICS countries using quantile-on-quantile framework”, Technology in Society, 66, 101656.
  • Schnaiberg, A. (1980), The Environment: From Surplus to Scarcity, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Shahbaz, M. et al. (2021), “A bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review of tourism-environmental degradation nexus”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(41), 58241-58257.
  • Solarin, S.A. (2014), “Tourist arrivals and macroeconomic determinants of CO2 emissions in Malaysia”, Anatolia, 25(2), 228-241.
  • Stretesky, P.B. et al. (2013), “Does environmental enforcement slow the treadmill of production? The relationship between large monetary penalties, ecological disorganization and toxic releases within offending corporations”, Journal of Crime and Justice, 36(2), 233-247.
  • Sun, Y. et al. (2008), “Pattern of patent-based environmental technology innovation in China”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 75(7), 1032-1042.
  • Tandoğan, D. & M. Genç (2019), “Türkiye’de Turizm ve Karbondioksit Salımı Arasındaki İlişki: Rals-Engle ve Granger Eşbütünleşme Yaklaşımı”, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 30(3), 221-230.
  • Telfer, D. & R. Sharpley (2008), Tourism and Development in the Developing World, London. Routledge.
  • Turizm Gazetesi (2023), Fransa da turist sayısı kısıtlamasına gidiyor, <https://www.turizmgazetesi.com/haber/fransa-da-turist-sayisi-kisitlamasina-gidiyor/85105>, 21.06.2023.
  • United Nations (1972), UN Stockholm Environment Declaration, Stockholm.
  • UNWTO (2020), International Tourism Highlights, <https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/9789284422456>, 05.02.2023.
  • Uzar, U. (2021), “The relationship between institutional quality and ecological footprint: Is there a connection?”, in: Natural Resources Forum, 45(4), 380-396; Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Vita, G. et al. (2015), “Revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in a tourism development context”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(21), 16652-16663.
  • Wackernagel, M. & W. Rees (1998), Our ecological footprint: reducing human impact on the earth (Vol. 9), New society publishers.
  • Xepapadeas, A. (2005), “Economic growth and the environment”, Handbook of Environmental Economics, 3, 1219-1271.
  • Yang, L. et al. (2022), “Achieving environmental sustainability in Africa: the role of renewable energy consumption, natural resources, and government effectiveness-evidence from symmetric and asymmetric ARDL models”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 8038.
  • Yasmeen, R. et al. (2022), “The nexuses between carbon emissions, agriculture production efficiency, research and development, and government effectiveness: Evidence from major agriculture-producing countries”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(34), 52133-52146.
  • Yerdelen-Tatoğlu, F. (2018), İleri Panel Veri Analizi, İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
  • York, R. et al. (2003), “STIRPAT, IPAT and ImPACT: analytic tools for unpacking the driving forces of environmental impacts”, Ecological Economics, 46(3), 351-365.
  • Yurtkuran, S. (2022), “Gelen turist sayısının en fazla olduğu 10 ülkede turizm ile CO2 salımı arasındaki ilişki: panel fourier toda-yamamoto nedensellik analizi”, Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (61), 281-303.
  • Zaman, K. et al. (2016), “Tourism development, energy consumption and Environmental Kuznets Curve: Trivariate analysis in the panel of developed and developing countries”, Tourism Management, 54, 275-283.
  • Zhang, S. & X. Liu (2019), “The roles of international tourism and renewable energy in environment: new evidence from Asian countries”, Renewable Energy, 139, 385-394.
  • Zhang, Y. et al. (2019), “Is tourism really affected by logistical operations and environmental degradation? An empirical study from the perspective of Thailand”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 227, 158-166.
Toplam 94 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekolojik İktisat, Turizm Ekonomisi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nalan Işık 0000-0002-3072-649X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Nisan 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 60

Kaynak Göster

APA Işık, N. (2024). Journey to Discover the Footprint of Tourism from the Perspective of Ecological Modernization. Sosyoekonomi, 32(60), 111-131. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.06
AMA Işık N. Journey to Discover the Footprint of Tourism from the Perspective of Ecological Modernization. Sosyoekonomi. Nisan 2024;32(60):111-131. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.06
Chicago Işık, Nalan. “Journey to Discover the Footprint of Tourism from the Perspective of Ecological Modernization”. Sosyoekonomi 32, sy. 60 (Nisan 2024): 111-31. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.06.
EndNote Işık N (01 Nisan 2024) Journey to Discover the Footprint of Tourism from the Perspective of Ecological Modernization. Sosyoekonomi 32 60 111–131.
IEEE N. Işık, “Journey to Discover the Footprint of Tourism from the Perspective of Ecological Modernization”, Sosyoekonomi, c. 32, sy. 60, ss. 111–131, 2024, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.06.
ISNAD Işık, Nalan. “Journey to Discover the Footprint of Tourism from the Perspective of Ecological Modernization”. Sosyoekonomi 32/60 (Nisan 2024), 111-131. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.06.
JAMA Işık N. Journey to Discover the Footprint of Tourism from the Perspective of Ecological Modernization. Sosyoekonomi. 2024;32:111–131.
MLA Işık, Nalan. “Journey to Discover the Footprint of Tourism from the Perspective of Ecological Modernization”. Sosyoekonomi, c. 32, sy. 60, 2024, ss. 111-3, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.06.
Vancouver Işık N. Journey to Discover the Footprint of Tourism from the Perspective of Ecological Modernization. Sosyoekonomi. 2024;32(60):111-3.
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