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DÜZENLİ YAPILAN SPOR TIRMANIŞIN ÜST EKSTREMİTE KUVVETİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 92 - 104, 30.09.2022

Burak Gürer Ahmet Duman

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1083470
Cited By: 1

Öz

Üst ekstremite kuvvetinin varlığı, spor tırmanışta sporcuları fiziksel, psikolojik ve zihinsel olarak olumlu yönde etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, düzenli yapılan spor tırmanışın, el kavrama, parmak ve kol gibi üst ekstremite kuvvetine olan etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu araştırmada, kontrol grubu içeren deneysel çalışma şeklinde tasarlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda kontrol grubu sedanter olan 12 kişiden, çalışma grubu ise orta seviyede spor tırmanış becerisine ve en az 2-3 yıllık deneyime sahip 12 spor tırmanış yapan kişiden meydana gelmiştir. Çalışma ve kontrol grubunun araştırma öncesi yaş, boy ve kilo ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Çalışma ve kontrol grubunun üst ekstremite ölçümleri araştırmaya başlamadan önce ve 8 hafta sonunda alınmıştır. Çalışma grubu 8 hafta boyunca düzenli olarak haftada 3 defa ve 2-4 saat aralığında spor tırmanış yapmıştır. Sporcular 17 m yüksekliğe sahip negatif eğimleri de olan tırmanış duvarında uygulama yapmıştır. Tırmanışlar sırasında araştırmacılar kontrol için uygulama alanında hazır bulunmuştur. Parmak kuvveti ölçümü için Jamar marka hidrolik parmak dinamometresi, el kavrama kuvveti için Takei Grip-D marka dijital el dinamometresi kullanılmış ve kol dayanıklılığı için bükülü kol asılma testi yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ve tanımlayıcı bilgilerde SPSS 22.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada, sağ ve sol el kavrama kuvveti, sağ ve sol parmak kuvveti ve kol dayanıklılığında artışlar meydana gelmiş ve istatistiksek olarak anlamlı farklar bulunmuştur. Çalışma grubu ile kontrol grubu ön test ve son test farkları arasında da anlamlı farklar meydana gelmiştir. Sonuçta, düzenli yapılan spor tırmanışın el kavrama kuvveti, parmak kuvveti ve kol dayanıklılığında pozitif yönde etki ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spor tırmanış kuvvet üst ekstremite

Destekleyen Kurum

Gaziantep Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

BSY.YLT.19.01

Teşekkür

Gaziantep Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Proje Birimine teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

  • Adam., C, Klissouras, V., Ravazzolo, M., Renson, R., Tuxworth, W., Kemper, H.C.G., Levarlet-Joye, H. (1993). Eurofit-European test of physical fitness. Council of Europe. Committee for the development of sport.
  • Ateş, M., Ateşoğlu, U. (2007). Pliometrik antrenmanın 16-18 yaş grubu erkek futbolcuların üst ve alt ekstremite kuvvet parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 5, 21-28.
  • Aykora, E. (2019). An Analysis over Physical and Physiological Parameters of Elementary School Children Taking Part in a Sport Climbing Exercise. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(2), 624-628.
  • Balas, J., Michailov, M., Giles, D., Kodejska, J., Panackova, M., Fryer, S. (2016). Active recovery of the finger flexors enhances intermittent handgrip performance in rock climbers. European Journal of Sport Science, 16, 764-772.
  • Balas, J., Pecha, O., Martin, A.J., Cochrane, D. (2012). Hand–arm strength and endurance as predictors of climbing performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 12, 16-25.
  • Billat, V., Palleja, P., Charlaix, T., Rizzardo, P., Janel, N. (1995). Energy specificity of rock climbing and aerobic capacity in competitive sport rock climbers. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 35, 20-24.
  • Bompa, T.O. (1999). Periodization training for sport. Human Kinetics. America, p.1-3.
  • Draga, P., Ozimek, M., Krawczyk, M., Rokowski, R., Nowakowska, M., Ochwat, P., Jurczak, A., Stanula, A. (2020). Importance and diagnosis of flexibility preparation of male sport climbers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7, 2512.
  • Draper, N., Canalejo, J.C., Fryer, S., Dickson, T., Winter, D., Ellis, G., North, C. (2011). Reporting climbing grades and grouping categories for rock climbing. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 19, 273-280.
  • Draper, N., Jones, G. A., Fryer, S., Hodgson, C., Blackwell, G. (2008). Effect of an on-sight lead on the physiological and psychological responses to rock climbing. Journal of sports science & medicine, 7(4), 492.
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) ve Fiziksel Etkinlik için web sitesi; https://www.who.int/. Erişim tarihi: 09 Ekim 2020.
  • El-Gohary, T. M., Abd Elkader, S. M., Al-Shenqiti, A. M., & Ibrahim, M. I. (2019). Assessment of hand-grip and key-pinch strength at three arm positions among healthy college students: Dominant versus non-dominant hand. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 14(6), 566-571.
  • España-Romero, V., Ortega Porcel, F. B., Artero, E. G., Jiménez-Pavón, D., Gutiérrez Sainz, Á., Castillo Garzón, M. J., Ruiz, J. R. (2009). Climbing time to exhaustion is a determinant of climbing performance in high-level sport climbers. European journal of applied physiology, 107(5), 517-525.
  • Ferguson, R.A., Brown, M.D. (1997). Arterial blood pressure and forearm vascular conductance responses to sustained and rhythmic isometric exercise and arterial occlusion in trained rock climbers and untrained sedentary subjects. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 76, 174-180.
  • Fryer, S., Stone, K. J., Sveen, J., Dickson, T., España-Romero, V., Giles, D., ... Draper, N. (2017). Differences in forearm strength, endurance, and hemodynamic kinetics between male boulderers and lead rock climbers. European journal of sport science, 17(9), 1177-1183.
  • Fryer, S., Stoner, L., Lucero, A., Witter, T., Scarrott, C., Dickson, T., ..., Draper, N. (2015). Haemodynamic kinetics and intermittent finger flexor performance in rock climbers. International journal of sports medicine, 36(02), 137-142.
  • Genç, H. (2019). Fiziksel Uygunluk ve Fiziksel Uygunluk Unsurları. Spor ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Kitabı-2. Cilt içinde (ss. 135-152). Konya, Çizgi Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Giles, L.V., Rhodes, E.C., Taunton, J.E. (2006). The physiology of rock climbing. Sports Medicine, 6, 529-545.
  • Grant, S., Hasler, T., Davies, C., Aitchison, T. C., Wilson, J., Whittaker, A. (2001). A comparison of the anthropometric, strength, endurance and flexibility characteristics of female elite and recreational climbers and non-climbers. Journal of sports sciences, 19(7), 499-505.
  • Gürer, B., Yıldız, M. E. (2015). Investigation of sport rock climbers' handgrip strength. Biology of Exercise, 11(2), 55-71.
  • Gürer, B., Aksoy, Y., Gonulates, S., Bicer, M., Ozdal, M. (2020). Acute response of handgrip strength, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and tactile discrimination after rock and ice climbing. Acta Medica Mediterranea, 36(3), 1895-1899.
  • Hardy, L., Hutchinson, A. (2007). Effects of performance anxiety on effort and performance in rock climbing: A test of processing efficiency theory. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 20, 147-161.
  • Hörst, E. (2016). Training for Climbing: The Definitive Guide to Improving Your Performance (How To Climb Series. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Jones, G., Schöffl, V., Johnson, M. I. (2018). Incidence, diagnosis, and management of injury in sport climbing and bouldering: a critical review. Current sports medicine reports, 17(11), 396-401.
  • Kuepper, T., Morrison, A., Gieseler, U., Schoeffl, V. (2009). Sport climbing with pre-existing cardio-pulmonary medical conditions. International journal of sports medicine, 30(06), 395-402.
  • Laffaye, G., Levernier, G., Collin, J. M. (2016). Determinant factors in climbing ability: Influence of strength, anthropometry, and neuromuscular fatigue. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 26(10), 1151-1159.
  • MacDonald, G. A. (2018). Handgrip Fatigue and Forearm Girth in Intermediate Sport Rock Climbers (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nevada, Las Vegas).
  • Macdonald, J. H., Callender, N. (2011). Athletic profile of highly accomplished boulderers. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine, 22(2), 140-143.
  • MacKenzie, R., Monaghan, L., Masson, R. A., Werner, A. K., Caprez, T. S., Johnston, L., Kemi, O. J. (2020). Physical and physiological determinants of rock climbing. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 15(2), 168-179.
  • McArdle, W., Katch, F., Kateh, V. (2001). Exercise physiology: energy, nutrition and human performance. 5th ed. Baltimore (MD): Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
  • Mermier, C. M., Janot, J. M., Parker, D. L., Swan, J. G. (2000). Physiological and anthropometric determinants of sport climbing performance. British journal of sports medicine, 34(5), 359-365.
  • Michael, M. K., Witard, O. C., Joubert, L. (2019). Physiological demands and nutritional considerations for Olympic-style competitive rock climbing. Cogent medicine, 6(1), 1-13.
  • Morrison, A. B., Schöffl, V. R. (2007). Physiological responses to rock climbing in young climbers. British journal of sports medicine, 41(12), 852-861.
  • Noé, F., Quaine, F., Martin, L. (2001). Influence of steep gradient supporting walls in rock climbing: biomechanical analysis. Gait and posture, 13(2), 86-94.
  • Olympic Games web sitesi (2020). https://www.olympic.org/. Erişim tarihi: 09 Ekim 2020.
  • Ozimek, M., Staszkiewicz, R., Rokowski, R., Stanula, A. (2016). Analysis of tests evaluating sport climbers’ strength and isometric endurance. Journal of human kinetics, 53, 249-260.
  • Quaine, F., Martin, L. (1999). A biomechanical study of equilibrium in sport rock climbing. Gait & Posture, 10(3), 233-239.
  • Quaine, F., Vigouroux, L., Martin, L. (2003). Effect of simulated rock climbing finger postures on force sharing among the fingers. Clinical Biomechanics, 18(5), 385-388.
  • Quaine, F., Vigouroux, L. (2004). Maximal resultant four fingertip force and fatigue of the extrinsic muscles of the hand in different sport climbing finger grips. International journal of sports medicine, 25(08), 634-637.
  • Sanchez, X., Lambert, P., Jones, G., Llewellyn, D. J. (2012). Efficacy of pre‐ascent climbing route visual inspection in indoor sport climbing. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 22(1), 67-72.
  • Saul, D., Steinmetz, G., Lehmann, W., Schilling, A. F. (2019). Determinants for success in climbing: A systematic review. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 17(3), 91-100.
  • Schweizer, A., Furrer, M. (2007). Correlation of forearm strength and sport climbing performance. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 15(3), 211-216.
  • Stanković, D., Ignjatović, M., Raković, A., Puletić, M., Hodžić, S. (2014). The strength structure of sport climbers. Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, 12(1), 11-18.
  • Stien, N., Saeterbakken, A. H., Hermans, E., Vereide, V. A., Olsen, E., Andersen, V. (2019). Comparison of climbing-specific strength and endurance between lead and boulder climbers. PloS one, 14(9), e0222529.
  • Suchomel, T. J., Nimphius, S., Stone, M. H. (2016). The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance. Sports medicine, 46(10), 1419-1449.
  • Uluslararası Spor Tırmanış Federasyonu (IFSC) web sitesi (2020). https://www.ifsc-climbing.org/. Erişim tarihi: 11 Ekim 2020.
  • Vigouroux, L., Goislard de Monsabert, B., Berton, E. (2015). Estimation of hand and wrist muscle capacities in rock climbers. European journal of applied physiology, 115(5), 947-957.
  • Zorba, E., Saygın, Ö. (2017). Fiziksel Aktivite ve Fiziksel Uygunluk. Perspektif Matbaacılık Tasarım Tic. Ltd. Şti. Ankara.
  • Watts, P. B., Drobish, K.M. (1998). Physiological responses to simulated rock climbing at different angles. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 30(7), 1118-1122.
  • Watts, P.B. (2004). Physiology of difficult rock climbing. European Journal Of Applied Physiology. 91, 361-372.
  • Winnick, J. P., Short, F. X. (1999). The Brockport physical fitness test manual. Champain, IL: Human Kinetics, 1-117.

THE EFFECT OF REGULAR SPORTS CLIMBING ON UPPER EXTREMITY STRENGTH

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 92 - 104, 30.09.2022

Burak Gürer Ahmet Duman

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1083470
Cited By: 1

Öz

The presence of upper extremity strength can positively affect athletes physically, psychologically and mentally in sports climbing. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of regular sports climbing on upper extremity strength such as handgrip, finger and arm. This thesis was designed as an experimental study involving a control group. Within this scope, the control group consisted of 12 sedentary people, while the study group consisted of 12 sports climbers with medium level sports climbing skills and at least 2-3 years of experience. Age, height and weight measurements of the study and control groups were made before the research. Upper extract of the study and control group measurements were taken before the starting point of the study and at the end of 8 weeks. The study group regularly climbed 3 times a week for 2-4 hours for 8 weeks. Athletes practiced on the 17 m high climbing wall, which has negative slopes, too. During the climbs, the researchers were present at the application area for control. Jamar brand hydraulic finger dynamometer was used for finger strength measurement, Takei Grip-D brand digital hand dynamometer was used for handgrip strength and twisted arm hanging test was performed for arm endurance. SPSS 22.0 package program was used for data analysis and descriptive information. In our thesis study, there were increases in right- and left-hand grip strength, right and left finger strength and arm endurance, and statistically significant differences was found. There were also significant differences between the pre-test and post-test dissimilarities between the study group and the control group. As a result, it was concluded that regular sport climbing had a positive effect on hand grip strength, finger strength and arm endurance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sport climbing strength upper extremity

Proje Numarası

BSY.YLT.19.01

Kaynakça

  • Adam., C, Klissouras, V., Ravazzolo, M., Renson, R., Tuxworth, W., Kemper, H.C.G., Levarlet-Joye, H. (1993). Eurofit-European test of physical fitness. Council of Europe. Committee for the development of sport.
  • Ateş, M., Ateşoğlu, U. (2007). Pliometrik antrenmanın 16-18 yaş grubu erkek futbolcuların üst ve alt ekstremite kuvvet parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 5, 21-28.
  • Aykora, E. (2019). An Analysis over Physical and Physiological Parameters of Elementary School Children Taking Part in a Sport Climbing Exercise. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(2), 624-628.
  • Balas, J., Michailov, M., Giles, D., Kodejska, J., Panackova, M., Fryer, S. (2016). Active recovery of the finger flexors enhances intermittent handgrip performance in rock climbers. European Journal of Sport Science, 16, 764-772.
  • Balas, J., Pecha, O., Martin, A.J., Cochrane, D. (2012). Hand–arm strength and endurance as predictors of climbing performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 12, 16-25.
  • Billat, V., Palleja, P., Charlaix, T., Rizzardo, P., Janel, N. (1995). Energy specificity of rock climbing and aerobic capacity in competitive sport rock climbers. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 35, 20-24.
  • Bompa, T.O. (1999). Periodization training for sport. Human Kinetics. America, p.1-3.
  • Draga, P., Ozimek, M., Krawczyk, M., Rokowski, R., Nowakowska, M., Ochwat, P., Jurczak, A., Stanula, A. (2020). Importance and diagnosis of flexibility preparation of male sport climbers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7, 2512.
  • Draper, N., Canalejo, J.C., Fryer, S., Dickson, T., Winter, D., Ellis, G., North, C. (2011). Reporting climbing grades and grouping categories for rock climbing. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 19, 273-280.
  • Draper, N., Jones, G. A., Fryer, S., Hodgson, C., Blackwell, G. (2008). Effect of an on-sight lead on the physiological and psychological responses to rock climbing. Journal of sports science & medicine, 7(4), 492.
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) ve Fiziksel Etkinlik için web sitesi; https://www.who.int/. Erişim tarihi: 09 Ekim 2020.
  • El-Gohary, T. M., Abd Elkader, S. M., Al-Shenqiti, A. M., & Ibrahim, M. I. (2019). Assessment of hand-grip and key-pinch strength at three arm positions among healthy college students: Dominant versus non-dominant hand. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 14(6), 566-571.
  • España-Romero, V., Ortega Porcel, F. B., Artero, E. G., Jiménez-Pavón, D., Gutiérrez Sainz, Á., Castillo Garzón, M. J., Ruiz, J. R. (2009). Climbing time to exhaustion is a determinant of climbing performance in high-level sport climbers. European journal of applied physiology, 107(5), 517-525.
  • Ferguson, R.A., Brown, M.D. (1997). Arterial blood pressure and forearm vascular conductance responses to sustained and rhythmic isometric exercise and arterial occlusion in trained rock climbers and untrained sedentary subjects. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 76, 174-180.
  • Fryer, S., Stone, K. J., Sveen, J., Dickson, T., España-Romero, V., Giles, D., ... Draper, N. (2017). Differences in forearm strength, endurance, and hemodynamic kinetics between male boulderers and lead rock climbers. European journal of sport science, 17(9), 1177-1183.
  • Fryer, S., Stoner, L., Lucero, A., Witter, T., Scarrott, C., Dickson, T., ..., Draper, N. (2015). Haemodynamic kinetics and intermittent finger flexor performance in rock climbers. International journal of sports medicine, 36(02), 137-142.
  • Genç, H. (2019). Fiziksel Uygunluk ve Fiziksel Uygunluk Unsurları. Spor ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Kitabı-2. Cilt içinde (ss. 135-152). Konya, Çizgi Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Giles, L.V., Rhodes, E.C., Taunton, J.E. (2006). The physiology of rock climbing. Sports Medicine, 6, 529-545.
  • Grant, S., Hasler, T., Davies, C., Aitchison, T. C., Wilson, J., Whittaker, A. (2001). A comparison of the anthropometric, strength, endurance and flexibility characteristics of female elite and recreational climbers and non-climbers. Journal of sports sciences, 19(7), 499-505.
  • Gürer, B., Yıldız, M. E. (2015). Investigation of sport rock climbers' handgrip strength. Biology of Exercise, 11(2), 55-71.
  • Gürer, B., Aksoy, Y., Gonulates, S., Bicer, M., Ozdal, M. (2020). Acute response of handgrip strength, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and tactile discrimination after rock and ice climbing. Acta Medica Mediterranea, 36(3), 1895-1899.
  • Hardy, L., Hutchinson, A. (2007). Effects of performance anxiety on effort and performance in rock climbing: A test of processing efficiency theory. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 20, 147-161.
  • Hörst, E. (2016). Training for Climbing: The Definitive Guide to Improving Your Performance (How To Climb Series. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Jones, G., Schöffl, V., Johnson, M. I. (2018). Incidence, diagnosis, and management of injury in sport climbing and bouldering: a critical review. Current sports medicine reports, 17(11), 396-401.
  • Kuepper, T., Morrison, A., Gieseler, U., Schoeffl, V. (2009). Sport climbing with pre-existing cardio-pulmonary medical conditions. International journal of sports medicine, 30(06), 395-402.
  • Laffaye, G., Levernier, G., Collin, J. M. (2016). Determinant factors in climbing ability: Influence of strength, anthropometry, and neuromuscular fatigue. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 26(10), 1151-1159.
  • MacDonald, G. A. (2018). Handgrip Fatigue and Forearm Girth in Intermediate Sport Rock Climbers (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nevada, Las Vegas).
  • Macdonald, J. H., Callender, N. (2011). Athletic profile of highly accomplished boulderers. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine, 22(2), 140-143.
  • MacKenzie, R., Monaghan, L., Masson, R. A., Werner, A. K., Caprez, T. S., Johnston, L., Kemi, O. J. (2020). Physical and physiological determinants of rock climbing. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 15(2), 168-179.
  • McArdle, W., Katch, F., Kateh, V. (2001). Exercise physiology: energy, nutrition and human performance. 5th ed. Baltimore (MD): Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
  • Mermier, C. M., Janot, J. M., Parker, D. L., Swan, J. G. (2000). Physiological and anthropometric determinants of sport climbing performance. British journal of sports medicine, 34(5), 359-365.
  • Michael, M. K., Witard, O. C., Joubert, L. (2019). Physiological demands and nutritional considerations for Olympic-style competitive rock climbing. Cogent medicine, 6(1), 1-13.
  • Morrison, A. B., Schöffl, V. R. (2007). Physiological responses to rock climbing in young climbers. British journal of sports medicine, 41(12), 852-861.
  • Noé, F., Quaine, F., Martin, L. (2001). Influence of steep gradient supporting walls in rock climbing: biomechanical analysis. Gait and posture, 13(2), 86-94.
  • Olympic Games web sitesi (2020). https://www.olympic.org/. Erişim tarihi: 09 Ekim 2020.
  • Ozimek, M., Staszkiewicz, R., Rokowski, R., Stanula, A. (2016). Analysis of tests evaluating sport climbers’ strength and isometric endurance. Journal of human kinetics, 53, 249-260.
  • Quaine, F., Martin, L. (1999). A biomechanical study of equilibrium in sport rock climbing. Gait & Posture, 10(3), 233-239.
  • Quaine, F., Vigouroux, L., Martin, L. (2003). Effect of simulated rock climbing finger postures on force sharing among the fingers. Clinical Biomechanics, 18(5), 385-388.
  • Quaine, F., Vigouroux, L. (2004). Maximal resultant four fingertip force and fatigue of the extrinsic muscles of the hand in different sport climbing finger grips. International journal of sports medicine, 25(08), 634-637.
  • Sanchez, X., Lambert, P., Jones, G., Llewellyn, D. J. (2012). Efficacy of pre‐ascent climbing route visual inspection in indoor sport climbing. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 22(1), 67-72.
  • Saul, D., Steinmetz, G., Lehmann, W., Schilling, A. F. (2019). Determinants for success in climbing: A systematic review. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 17(3), 91-100.
  • Schweizer, A., Furrer, M. (2007). Correlation of forearm strength and sport climbing performance. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 15(3), 211-216.
  • Stanković, D., Ignjatović, M., Raković, A., Puletić, M., Hodžić, S. (2014). The strength structure of sport climbers. Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, 12(1), 11-18.
  • Stien, N., Saeterbakken, A. H., Hermans, E., Vereide, V. A., Olsen, E., Andersen, V. (2019). Comparison of climbing-specific strength and endurance between lead and boulder climbers. PloS one, 14(9), e0222529.
  • Suchomel, T. J., Nimphius, S., Stone, M. H. (2016). The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance. Sports medicine, 46(10), 1419-1449.
  • Uluslararası Spor Tırmanış Federasyonu (IFSC) web sitesi (2020). https://www.ifsc-climbing.org/. Erişim tarihi: 11 Ekim 2020.
  • Vigouroux, L., Goislard de Monsabert, B., Berton, E. (2015). Estimation of hand and wrist muscle capacities in rock climbers. European journal of applied physiology, 115(5), 947-957.
  • Zorba, E., Saygın, Ö. (2017). Fiziksel Aktivite ve Fiziksel Uygunluk. Perspektif Matbaacılık Tasarım Tic. Ltd. Şti. Ankara.
  • Watts, P. B., Drobish, K.M. (1998). Physiological responses to simulated rock climbing at different angles. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 30(7), 1118-1122.
  • Watts, P.B. (2004). Physiology of difficult rock climbing. European Journal Of Applied Physiology. 91, 361-372.
  • Winnick, J. P., Short, F. X. (1999). The Brockport physical fitness test manual. Champain, IL: Human Kinetics, 1-117.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Burak Gürer 0000-0002-0605-3272

Ahmet Duman Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2712-2676

Proje Numarası BSY.YLT.19.01
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 23 Eylül 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Gürer, B., & Duman, A. (2022). DÜZENLİ YAPILAN SPOR TIRMANIŞIN ÜST EKSTREMİTE KUVVETİNE ETKİSİ. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(3), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1083470

Cited By

Investigation of The Relationship of Anaerobic Power and Upper Extremity Strength of Sports Climbers and Competition Performances
International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1315567
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