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Kapsayıcı Çocuk Oyun Alanları İçin Tasarım Ölçütleri

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 11 - 20, 28.02.2021

Okşan Tandoğan

https://doi.org/10.51664/artium.752558
Cited By: 4

Abstract

Yapılan araştırmalar herhangi bir engeli bulunan ya da hareket kabiliyeti kısıtlı çocukların oyun alanlarında sınırlı erişime, kısıtlı kullanıma sahip olduklarını, oyun alanlarının tasarımının bu çocukların yaşıtları ile iletişime girmesine engel teşkil ettiğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle birçok engelli çocuk zorunluluktan genellikle tek başına ya da bir yetişkinle kendi ev ya da bahçesinde oynamaktadır. Bu durum bu çocukların gelişimlerini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Çocuk oyun alanlarının herhangi bir engeli ya da hareket kısıtı bulunan - bulunmayan tüm çocukların birlikte oynayabilmelerine olanak sağlayacak şekilde tasarlanması gerekmektedir. Bu ancak kapsayıcı tasarım anlayışı doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilebilir. Ancak yapılan incelemede çocuk oyun alanlarına yönelik tasarım ölçütlerini ortaya koyan akademik çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın amacı kapsayıcı tasarım doğrultusunda çocuk oyun alanlarına yönelik tasarım ölçütlerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla detaylı bir literatür araştırması yapılmıştır. Yapılan literatür araştırması kapsamında elde edilen tasarım ölçütleri geliştirilmiş ve bu ölçütler Tekirdağ’da bir engelsiz çocuk oyun alanı kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

Oyun çocuk oyun alanı kapsayıcı tasarım evrensel tasarım

References

  • Bayraktaroğlu, B. ve Büke, A. (2015). Çocuk oyun alanlarının evrensellik ölçütleri açısından incelenmesi: Fenerbahçe-Pendik sahil şeridi örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3(3), 371-378.
  • CPSC (2015). Public Playground Safety Handbook. Consumer Product Safety Commisison, East West Highway Bethesda, USA.
  • Çelik, A., Ender, E. ve Akdeniz, N. S. (2017). Engelsiz parklarda peyzaj tasarımı. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 8(2), 05-11.
  • Emmett, M. (2012). Universally designed playgrounds: an outdoor play place for all. University of Puget Sound. Ensign, A. (1993). Universal playground design. Retrieved from 10.05.2020, https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED359727
  • Feske, M., 2020. The Inclusive playground - A rewarding challenge. Retrieved 05.05.2020 from https://www.berliner.com.vn/media/upload/images/Berliner_Playequipment
  • Fishbeck, G, (1998). Time-saver standards for landscape architecture: Design and construction data. New York: McGraw–Hill Publishing Company.
  • Fjortoft, I. and J. Sageie (2000). The natural environment as a playground for children: Landscape description and analysis of a natural landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 48(1/2), 83-97.
  • Fjortoft, I. (2001). The natural environment as a playground for children: the ımpact of outdoor play activities in pre- primary school children. Early Childhood Education Journal, 29(2): 111-117.
  • Gökmen, H.S. (2009). Birlikte oynamak. Mimarlık Dergisi, 347, 47-50.
  • Gür, Ş.Ö ve Zorlu, T. (2001). Çocuk mekanları. İstanbul: Yapı Endüstri Merkezi Yayınları.
  • Hacıhasanoğlu, I. (2003). Evrensel tasarım. Tasarım Kuram Dergisi, 2 (3), 93-101.
  • Hags, 2019a. How we show inclusivity in a design, inclusivity on a design - A3 posters. Retrieved: 10.05.2020 from https://www.hags.com.
  • Hags, 2019b. Principles of inclusive playgrounds, principles of inclusive playgrounds - A3 posters. Retrieved 10.05.2020 from https://www.hags.com/en-us/designing-inclusive-playgrounds/download-your-inclusive-playground-pack
  • Herrington, S. and Studtmann, K. (1998). Landscape interventions: new directions for the design of children’s play environments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 42, 191–205.
  • Howard, J. (1996). Teacher-facilitated microcomputer activities: enhancing social play and affect in young children with disabilities, Journal of Special Education Technology, 13, 36-47.
  • Kavak, M., (2010). Evrensel tasarım yaklaşımı bağlamında kamusal mekânlar: Harbiye Kongre Vadisi örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Kelly, K. (2018). Redwood City: All-inclusive playground approved for Red Morton Retrieved from https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/09/12/redwood-city-all-inclusive-playground-approved-for-red-morton
  • Koç, K., (2015). Geri dönüştürülebilir katı atıkların yönetmeliği ve rota optimizasyonu: Konya ili Meram ilçesi örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Kraft, R. E. (1989). Children at Play: Behavior of Children at Recess. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 60(4), 21-24.
  • Malone, K., and Tranter, P. (2003) Children’s environmental learning and the use, design and management of schoolgrounds. Children, Youth and Environments, 13(2), 87- 137.
  • Marcus, C.C. and Francis, C. (1998). People places: Design guidelines for urban open space, child care outdoor spaces. Kanada: John Wiley&Sons.Inc.
  • Moore, R. (1993). Plants for play: A plant selection guide for children's outdoor environments. Berkeley, CA: MIG Communications
  • Moore, R. C. ve Wong, H. H. (1997). Natural learning: Creating environments for rediscovering nature’s way of teaching. Berkley: MIG Communications.
  • Moore, A. ve Lynch, H. (2015). Accessibility and usability of playground environments for children under: a scoping review. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 22(5), 31–344.
  • NCHPAD (1997). The principles of universal design, designing for inclusive play: Applying the principles of universal design to the playground. Retrieved: 05.05. 2020 form https://www.nchpad.org/529/2458/Designing~for~Inclusive~Play~~~Applying~the~Principles~of~Universal~Design~to~the~Playground
  • NPPS (2006). America’s playgrounds safety check, does your playground make the grade? Retrieved 05.27.2020 from https://playgroundsafety.org/topics/topic/playground-safety-report-card
  • O’Brien, C.W. (2009). Injuries and investigated deaths associated with playground equipment, 2001– 2008. Washington: Consumer Product Safety Commission.
  • Özdemir, A. (2007). Engelsiz oyun alanları için kapsayıcı tasarım yaklaşımı. Ege Mimarlık, 1, 20-23. Özgür, H. (2000). İlkokul dönemindeki çocukların oyun araçlarına olan ilgileri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı, İzmir.
  • Pellegrini, A. and Perlmutter, J. (1988). Rough-and-tumble play on the elementary school playground. Young Children, 43(2), 14-17.
  • Playworld (2015). Inclusive play design guide. Retrieved 10.05.2020 from https://playworld.com/inclusive-play.
  • Pouya, S., Bayramoğlu, E., ve Demirel, Ö. (2016). Doğa ile uyumlu fiziksel engelli çocuk oyun alanları, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Mimarlık Bilimleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 1(1), 51-60.
  • Prellwitz, M., and Skar, L. (2007) Usability of playgrounds for children with different abilities. Occupational Therapy International, 14, 144-155.
  • Rojals, M. (2006). Great kids' spaces. Barcelona, Spain: Links International.
  • Sungur, A. ve Czaplinska, P. (2018) Designing playgrounds for all. Megaron, 13(3), 459-469.
  • Talay, L., Akpınar, N. ve Belkayalı, N. (2010) Barriers to playground use for children with disabilities: A case from Ankara, Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(9), 848-855.
  • Tamm, M. and Skär, L. (2000) How I play: Roles and relations in the play situations of children with restricted mobility. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 7(4), 174-182.
  • Tandoğan, O. (2011). İstanbul’da Çocuk Dostu Kent için Açık Alanların Planlama, Tasarım ve Yönetim İlkelerinin Oluşturulması. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, İstanbul.
  • Taylor, A., Wiley, A., Kuo, F. and Sullivan, W. (1998) Growing up in the inner city: Green spaces as places to grow. Environment and Behavior, 30(1), 3–27.
  • T.C. Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı (2020). Engelli ve yaşlı istatistik bülteni. Erişim tarihi: 20.05.2020, https://ailevecalisma.gov.tr/media/40734/istatistik-bulteni-subat2020.pdf
  • T.C. Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı (2011). Dünya engellilik raporu. Ankara: Anıl Group Matbaa.
  • The Center for Universal Design, (1997). The principles of universal design. Retrieved 10.05.2020 from https://projects.ncsu.edu/ncsu/design/cud/about_ud/udprinciplestext.htm
  • Theemes T., (1999). Let's go outside, designing the early childhood playground. High/Scope Educational Research Foundation: High/Scope Press.
  • Turner, J., Newman-Bennett, K., Fralic, J., Skinner, L., (2009). Everybody needs a break! Responses to a playgarden survey. Pediatr Nurs, 35(1), 27-34.
  • The Center for Universal Design, (1997). The principles of universal design. Retrieved 10.05.2020 from https://projects.ncsu.edu/ncsu/design/cud/about_ud/udprinciplestext.htm
  • UNICEF (2013). Universal design in the playground. The state of the world’s children 2013, Retrieved 26.05.2020 from http://www.unicef.org/sowc2013/universal_design.html.
  • Uslu, A. ve Shakouri, N. (2012). Engelli çocuklara dost oyun alanı ve dış mekan tasarımı. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(5), 367-374.
  • Uslu, A. ve Güneş, M. (2017). Engelsiz kentler-herkes için erişilebilir kentler. Uluslararası Peyzaj Mimarlığı Araştırma Dergisi, 1(2), 30-36.
  • Uzzell, D. (1991). Environmental psychological perspectives on landscape. Landscape Research, 16(1), 11–19.
  • Wardle, F. (1997). Outdoor play: designing, building, and remodeling playgrounds for young children, early childhood news. Retrieved 10.05.2020 from http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID=65
  • WHO (2011). World report on disability. Retrieved 11.04.2020 from http://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report.pdf.
  • Wortham ans J.L. Frost (1990). Playgrounds for young children: national survey and perspectives. Reston, VA: American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, and Dance.
  • Yantzi, N. M., Young, N.L., and Mckeever, P. (2010). The suitability of school playgrounds for physically disabled children. Children's Geographies, 8(1), 65-78.
  • Yetim, A., (2014). Geri dönüşüm sektörünün dünyadaki genel görünümü ve Türkiye’deki durumu. Erişim tarihi:28.04.2020, https://www.yesiltaylar.com.tr/tr/blog/geri-donusum-sektorunun-dunyadaki-genel-gorunumu-ve-turkiyedeki-durumu

Design Criteria for Inclusive Playgrounds

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 11 - 20, 28.02.2021

Okşan Tandoğan

https://doi.org/10.51664/artium.752558
Cited By: 4

Abstract

Current researches show that children with any disability or reduced mobility have limited access and limited use in the playgrounds, and the design of the playgrounds prevents them from communicating with their peers. For this reason, many children with disabilities usually play alone or with an adult in their home or garden. This situation may negatively affect the development of these children. Playgrounds should be designed to allow all children with or without any disability or movement restrictions to play together. This can only be achieved with an inclusive design approach. However, in literature, we come across that the researches revealing the design criteria for inclusive playgrounds are limited. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the design criteria for playgrounds regarding inclusive design. For this purpose, in the first part of the article, the studies on this subject are examined. In the second part of the study, the design criteria determined are evaluated within the scope of an accessible playground example in Tekirdağ.

Keywords

play playgrounds inclusive design universal design

References

  • Bayraktaroğlu, B. ve Büke, A. (2015). Çocuk oyun alanlarının evrensellik ölçütleri açısından incelenmesi: Fenerbahçe-Pendik sahil şeridi örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3(3), 371-378.
  • CPSC (2015). Public Playground Safety Handbook. Consumer Product Safety Commisison, East West Highway Bethesda, USA.
  • Çelik, A., Ender, E. ve Akdeniz, N. S. (2017). Engelsiz parklarda peyzaj tasarımı. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 8(2), 05-11.
  • Emmett, M. (2012). Universally designed playgrounds: an outdoor play place for all. University of Puget Sound. Ensign, A. (1993). Universal playground design. Retrieved from 10.05.2020, https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED359727
  • Feske, M., 2020. The Inclusive playground - A rewarding challenge. Retrieved 05.05.2020 from https://www.berliner.com.vn/media/upload/images/Berliner_Playequipment
  • Fishbeck, G, (1998). Time-saver standards for landscape architecture: Design and construction data. New York: McGraw–Hill Publishing Company.
  • Fjortoft, I. and J. Sageie (2000). The natural environment as a playground for children: Landscape description and analysis of a natural landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 48(1/2), 83-97.
  • Fjortoft, I. (2001). The natural environment as a playground for children: the ımpact of outdoor play activities in pre- primary school children. Early Childhood Education Journal, 29(2): 111-117.
  • Gökmen, H.S. (2009). Birlikte oynamak. Mimarlık Dergisi, 347, 47-50.
  • Gür, Ş.Ö ve Zorlu, T. (2001). Çocuk mekanları. İstanbul: Yapı Endüstri Merkezi Yayınları.
  • Hacıhasanoğlu, I. (2003). Evrensel tasarım. Tasarım Kuram Dergisi, 2 (3), 93-101.
  • Hags, 2019a. How we show inclusivity in a design, inclusivity on a design - A3 posters. Retrieved: 10.05.2020 from https://www.hags.com.
  • Hags, 2019b. Principles of inclusive playgrounds, principles of inclusive playgrounds - A3 posters. Retrieved 10.05.2020 from https://www.hags.com/en-us/designing-inclusive-playgrounds/download-your-inclusive-playground-pack
  • Herrington, S. and Studtmann, K. (1998). Landscape interventions: new directions for the design of children’s play environments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 42, 191–205.
  • Howard, J. (1996). Teacher-facilitated microcomputer activities: enhancing social play and affect in young children with disabilities, Journal of Special Education Technology, 13, 36-47.
  • Kavak, M., (2010). Evrensel tasarım yaklaşımı bağlamında kamusal mekânlar: Harbiye Kongre Vadisi örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Kelly, K. (2018). Redwood City: All-inclusive playground approved for Red Morton Retrieved from https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/09/12/redwood-city-all-inclusive-playground-approved-for-red-morton
  • Koç, K., (2015). Geri dönüştürülebilir katı atıkların yönetmeliği ve rota optimizasyonu: Konya ili Meram ilçesi örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Kraft, R. E. (1989). Children at Play: Behavior of Children at Recess. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 60(4), 21-24.
  • Malone, K., and Tranter, P. (2003) Children’s environmental learning and the use, design and management of schoolgrounds. Children, Youth and Environments, 13(2), 87- 137.
  • Marcus, C.C. and Francis, C. (1998). People places: Design guidelines for urban open space, child care outdoor spaces. Kanada: John Wiley&Sons.Inc.
  • Moore, R. (1993). Plants for play: A plant selection guide for children's outdoor environments. Berkeley, CA: MIG Communications
  • Moore, R. C. ve Wong, H. H. (1997). Natural learning: Creating environments for rediscovering nature’s way of teaching. Berkley: MIG Communications.
  • Moore, A. ve Lynch, H. (2015). Accessibility and usability of playground environments for children under: a scoping review. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 22(5), 31–344.
  • NCHPAD (1997). The principles of universal design, designing for inclusive play: Applying the principles of universal design to the playground. Retrieved: 05.05. 2020 form https://www.nchpad.org/529/2458/Designing~for~Inclusive~Play~~~Applying~the~Principles~of~Universal~Design~to~the~Playground
  • NPPS (2006). America’s playgrounds safety check, does your playground make the grade? Retrieved 05.27.2020 from https://playgroundsafety.org/topics/topic/playground-safety-report-card
  • O’Brien, C.W. (2009). Injuries and investigated deaths associated with playground equipment, 2001– 2008. Washington: Consumer Product Safety Commission.
  • Özdemir, A. (2007). Engelsiz oyun alanları için kapsayıcı tasarım yaklaşımı. Ege Mimarlık, 1, 20-23. Özgür, H. (2000). İlkokul dönemindeki çocukların oyun araçlarına olan ilgileri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı, İzmir.
  • Pellegrini, A. and Perlmutter, J. (1988). Rough-and-tumble play on the elementary school playground. Young Children, 43(2), 14-17.
  • Playworld (2015). Inclusive play design guide. Retrieved 10.05.2020 from https://playworld.com/inclusive-play.
  • Pouya, S., Bayramoğlu, E., ve Demirel, Ö. (2016). Doğa ile uyumlu fiziksel engelli çocuk oyun alanları, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Mimarlık Bilimleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 1(1), 51-60.
  • Prellwitz, M., and Skar, L. (2007) Usability of playgrounds for children with different abilities. Occupational Therapy International, 14, 144-155.
  • Rojals, M. (2006). Great kids' spaces. Barcelona, Spain: Links International.
  • Sungur, A. ve Czaplinska, P. (2018) Designing playgrounds for all. Megaron, 13(3), 459-469.
  • Talay, L., Akpınar, N. ve Belkayalı, N. (2010) Barriers to playground use for children with disabilities: A case from Ankara, Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(9), 848-855.
  • Tamm, M. and Skär, L. (2000) How I play: Roles and relations in the play situations of children with restricted mobility. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 7(4), 174-182.
  • Tandoğan, O. (2011). İstanbul’da Çocuk Dostu Kent için Açık Alanların Planlama, Tasarım ve Yönetim İlkelerinin Oluşturulması. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, İstanbul.
  • Taylor, A., Wiley, A., Kuo, F. and Sullivan, W. (1998) Growing up in the inner city: Green spaces as places to grow. Environment and Behavior, 30(1), 3–27.
  • T.C. Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı (2020). Engelli ve yaşlı istatistik bülteni. Erişim tarihi: 20.05.2020, https://ailevecalisma.gov.tr/media/40734/istatistik-bulteni-subat2020.pdf
  • T.C. Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı (2011). Dünya engellilik raporu. Ankara: Anıl Group Matbaa.
  • The Center for Universal Design, (1997). The principles of universal design. Retrieved 10.05.2020 from https://projects.ncsu.edu/ncsu/design/cud/about_ud/udprinciplestext.htm
  • Theemes T., (1999). Let's go outside, designing the early childhood playground. High/Scope Educational Research Foundation: High/Scope Press.
  • Turner, J., Newman-Bennett, K., Fralic, J., Skinner, L., (2009). Everybody needs a break! Responses to a playgarden survey. Pediatr Nurs, 35(1), 27-34.
  • The Center for Universal Design, (1997). The principles of universal design. Retrieved 10.05.2020 from https://projects.ncsu.edu/ncsu/design/cud/about_ud/udprinciplestext.htm
  • UNICEF (2013). Universal design in the playground. The state of the world’s children 2013, Retrieved 26.05.2020 from http://www.unicef.org/sowc2013/universal_design.html.
  • Uslu, A. ve Shakouri, N. (2012). Engelli çocuklara dost oyun alanı ve dış mekan tasarımı. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(5), 367-374.
  • Uslu, A. ve Güneş, M. (2017). Engelsiz kentler-herkes için erişilebilir kentler. Uluslararası Peyzaj Mimarlığı Araştırma Dergisi, 1(2), 30-36.
  • Uzzell, D. (1991). Environmental psychological perspectives on landscape. Landscape Research, 16(1), 11–19.
  • Wardle, F. (1997). Outdoor play: designing, building, and remodeling playgrounds for young children, early childhood news. Retrieved 10.05.2020 from http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID=65
  • WHO (2011). World report on disability. Retrieved 11.04.2020 from http://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report.pdf.
  • Wortham ans J.L. Frost (1990). Playgrounds for young children: national survey and perspectives. Reston, VA: American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, and Dance.
  • Yantzi, N. M., Young, N.L., and Mckeever, P. (2010). The suitability of school playgrounds for physically disabled children. Children's Geographies, 8(1), 65-78.
  • Yetim, A., (2014). Geri dönüşüm sektörünün dünyadaki genel görünümü ve Türkiye’deki durumu. Erişim tarihi:28.04.2020, https://www.yesiltaylar.com.tr/tr/blog/geri-donusum-sektorunun-dunyadaki-genel-gorunumu-ve-turkiyedeki-durumu
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Architecture
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Okşan Tandoğan 0000-0001-8656-0727

Publication Date February 28, 2021
Acceptance Date November 8, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tandoğan, O. (2021). Kapsayıcı Çocuk Oyun Alanları İçin Tasarım Ölçütleri. Artium, 9(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.51664/artium.752558

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Kent Akademisi
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