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The Role of Nature and Physical Environment in Mental Relaxation: Konya Kyoto Park

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 85 - 93, 29.02.2024

Navid Khaleghımoghaddam

https://doi.org/10.51664/artium.1379482

Öz

Parks, as one of the most important environments, are in many cases discussed only in terms of functional quality. The effects of the physical features, the characteristics of the natural elements, and the aspects of visual perception have been less studied in terms of the users’ mental relaxation. This study aims to evaluate the effects of environmental and mental relaxation components in architecture and the use of natural elements in Konya Kyoto Park. The main concern of the study is to gain a deeper insight into the experience of park users compared to the existing literature dealing with park experiences. What underscores the need for this research is the current disconnect among humans, nature, and the physical environment. The method used is descriptive and analytical, by means of a survey. The survey questions were divided into 3 components: physical, cognitive, and behavioral impacts. The users of Konya Kyoto Park were selected as the research population. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted. The results showed that the different areas of the park lead to restful experiences and provide mental and affective relaxation to visitors by offering views, perspectives, and various functions that allow them to spend leisure time and be in nature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kyoto Park Mental relaxation Physical environment Konya Nature

Kaynakça

  • Bornioli, A., & Subiza-Perez, M. (2023). Restorative Urban Environments for Healthy Cities: A Theoretical Model for the Study of Restorative Experiences in Urban Built Settings. Landscape Research, 48(1), 152-163. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/01426397.2022.2124962
  • Callaghan, A., McCombe, G., Harrold, A., McMeel, C., Mills, G., Moore-Cherry, N., & Cullen, W. (2021). The Impact of Green Spaces on Mental Health in Urban Settings: A Scoping Review. Journal of Mental Health, 30(2), 179-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1755027
  • Carlson, A. (2011). Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature and Environmentalism. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplements, 69, 137-155. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1358246111000257
  • Chen, C., Luo, W., Li, H., Zhang, D., Kang, N., Yang, X., & Xia, Y. (2020). Impact of Perception of Green Space for Health Promotion on Willingness to Use Parks and Actual Use among Young Urban Residents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15),1-21. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph1715556056
  • Cooley, S. J., Jones, C. R., Kurtz, A., & Robertson, N. (2020). ‘Into the Wild’: A Meta-Synthesis of Talking Therapy in Natural Outdoor Spaces, Clinical Psychology Review, 77, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101841
  • Cooley, S. J., Jones, C.R., Moss, D., & Robertson, N. (2022). Organizational Perspectives on Outdoor Talking Therapy: Towards A Position of ‘Environmental Safe Uncertainty’. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(1),132-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12315
  • Corral-Verdugo, V., Vazguez, F. I. G., Tapia, C., & Fraijo-Sing, B. (2012). Sustainable Behaviors and Perceived Psychological Restoration. Acta de Investigación Psicológica, 2(2), 749-764, https://doi.org/ 10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2012.2.186
  • DeLauer, V., McGill-O'Rourke, A., Hayes, T., Haluch, A., Gordon, C., Crane, J., Kossakowski, D., Dillon, C., Thibeault, N., & Schofield, D. (2022). The Impact of Natural Environments and Biophilic Design as Supportive and Nurturing Spaces on a Residential College Campus. Cogent Social Science, 8(1). 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.2000570
  • Fernandes, A., Krog, N. H. McEachan, R., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Julvez, J., Márquez, S., de Castro, M., Urquiza, J., Heude, B., Vafeiadi, M., Gražulevičienė, R., Slama, R. Dedele, A., & Aasvang, G. M., Evandt, J., Andrusaityte, S., Kampouri, M., & Vrijheid, M. (2023). Availability, Accessibility, and Use of Green Spaces and Cognitive Development in Primary School Children, Environmental Pollution, 334, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122143
  • Gaekwad, J. S., Moslehian, A. S., Roos, F. B., & Walker, A. (2022). A Meta-Analysis of Emotional Evidence for the Biophilia Hypothesis and Implications for Biophilic Design. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.750245
  • Gozalo, G. R., Morillas, J, M, B., Montes González, D. (2019). Perceptions and Use of Urban Green Spaces on the Basis of Size. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 46(4), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126470
  • Grassini, S., Revonsuo, A., Castellotti, S., Petrizzo, I., Benedetti, V., & Koivisto, M. (2019). Processing of Natural Scenery is Associated with Lower Attentional and Cognitive Load Compared with Urban Ones. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 62, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.01.007
  • Green, J., Huberty, J., Puzia, M., & Stecher, C. (2021). The Effect of Meditation and Physical Activity on the Mental Health Impact of COVID-19–Related Stress and Attention to News Among Mobile App Users in the United States: Cross-sectional Survey. JMIR Mental Health, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.2196/28479
  • Hartig, T., Kaiser, F. G., & Bowler, P. (2001). Psychological Restoration in Nature as a Positive Motivation for Ecological Behavior. Environment and Behavior, 33(4), 590-607. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139160121973142
  • Hoyle, H. (2022). Perceptions of Colour, Form and Amenity in Green Spaces. Journal of Urban Design, 162, 1-6. https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/9492858
  • Jabbar, M., Yusoff, M.M. & Shafie, A. (2022). Assessing the Role of Urban Green Spaces for Human Well-Being: A Systematic Review. GeoJournal, 87, 4405–4423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-021-10474-7
  • Jimenez, M.P., DeVille, N.V., Elliott, E.G., Schiff, J.E., Wilt, G.E., Hart, J.E., & James, P. (2021). Associations between Nature Exposure and Health: A Review of the Evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9). 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094790
  • Jo, H., Song, C., Miyazaki, Y. (2019). Physiological Benefits of Viewing Nature: A Systematic Review of Indoor Experiments. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health, 16(23), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234739
  • Kodali, H. P., Ferris, E. B., Wyka, K., Evenson, K. R., Dorn, J. M., Thorpe, L. E., & Huang, T. T.-K. (2023). The Association of Park Use and Park Perception with Quality of Life Using Structural Equation Modeling. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1038288
  • Lee, K.O., Mai, K.M. & Park, S. (2023). Green Space Accessibility Helps Buffer Declined Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Big Aata in the United Kingdom. Nature Mental Health 1, 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-023-00018-y
  • Lin, W., Chen, Q., Jiang, M., Zhang, X., Liu, Z., Tao, J., Wu, L., Xu, S., Kang, Y., & Zeng, Q. (2019). The Effect of Green Space Behaviour and Per Capita Area in Small Urban Green Spaces on Psychophysiological Responses. Landscape and Urban Planning, 192, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103637
  • Lindemann-Matthies, P., & Matthies, D. (2018). The Influence of Plant Species Richness on Stress Recovery of Humans, Web Ecology, 18, 121–128. https://doi.org/10.5194/we-18-121-2018
  • Liu, H., Nong, H., Ren, H., & Liu, K. (2022). The Effect of Nature Exposure, Nature Connectedness on Mental Well-Being and Ill-Being in A General Chinese Population. Landscape and Urban Planning, 222. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104397
  • Liu, J., Wang, Y., Zimmer, C., Kang, J., & Yu, T. (2019). Factors Associated with Soundscape Experiences in Urban Green Spaces: A Case Study in Rostock, Germany. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 37, 135-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.11.003
  • Moulay, A., Ujang, N., & Said, I. (2017). Legibility of Neighborhood Parks as A Predicator for Enhanced Social Interaction Towards Social Sustainability. Cities, 61, 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.11.007
  • Olszewska-Guizzo, A., Sia, A., Fogel, A., & Ho, R. (2022). Features of Urban Green Spaces Associated with Positive Emotions, Mindfulness and Relaxation. Scientific Reports, 12, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24637-0
  • Saint-Onge, K., Coulombe, S., Philibert, M., Wiesztort, L., & Houle, J. (2022). How Urban Parks Nurture Eudaimonic and Hedonic Wellbeing: An Explorative Large Scale Qualitative Study in Québec, Canada. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 3. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2022.100095
  • Sati, Y. C., Joshua, J. O. (2015). Perception of Green Space as Element of ArchitectureComposition of Solomon Lar Amusement Park Jos, Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies, 2(8), 72-80.
  • Staats, H., Jahncke, H., Herzog, T. R., & Hartig, T. (2016). Urban Options for Psychological Restoration: Common Strategies in Everyday Situations. PLOS ONE, 11(1): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146213
  • Tsekos, C. A., & Petsiou, T. (2018). Environment and Philosophy: The Aesthetics and the Natural Environment. Voice of the Publisher, 4, 13-21. https://doi.org/10.4236/vp.2018.42002
  • Ujang, N., Moulay, A., Ahmad, N, Maulan, S., & Abu Bakar, N. A. (2018). Interrelation Between Legibility Attributes and Park Utilization as Determinants for Responsive Neighborhood Parks. International Journal of Architectura, 12(2), 40-56. https://doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i2.1567
  • Xie, X., Cai, J., Fang, H., Tang, X., & Yamanaka, T. (2022). Effects of Colored Lights On An Individual’s Affective Impressions in the Observation Process. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.938636
  • Yang, B. Y., Zhao, T., Hu, L. X., Browning, M. H. E. M., Heinrich, J., Dharmage, S. C., Jalaludin, B., Knibbs, L. D., Liu, X. X., Luo, Y. N., James, P., Li, S., Huang, W. Z., Chen, G., Zeng, X. W., Hu, L. W., Yu, Y., & Dong, G. H. (2021). Greenspace and Human Health: An Umbrella Review. The Innovation (Camb), 2(28), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100164.
  • Zhong, W., Schroder, T., & Bekkering, J. (2022). Biophilic Design in Architecture and Its Contributions to Health, Well-Being, and Sustainability: A Critical Review. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 11(1), 114-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2021.07.006
  • Zhou. Y., Dai, P., Zhao, Z., Hao, C., & Wen, Y. (2022). The Influence of Urban Green Space Soundscape on the Changes of Citizens’ Emotion: A Case Study of Beijing Urban Parks. Forests, 13(11), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13111928.

Zihinsel Rahatlamada Doğanın ve Fiziksel Çevrenin Rolü: Konya Kyoto Parkı

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 85 - 93, 29.02.2024

Navid Khaleghımoghaddam

https://doi.org/10.51664/artium.1379482

Öz

Parklar, en önemli çevrelerden biri olarak kabul edildiği halde, birçok durumda sadece işlevsel kalite açısından incelenmiştir. Fiziksel özelliklerin etkileri, doğal unsurların özelliği ve görsel algı açısından, kullanıcıların zihinsel rahatlamasına yönelik daha az çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Konya Kyoto Parkı’nda çevresel ve zihinsel rahatlama bileşenlerinin mimarideki etkilerini ve doğal unsurların kullanımının değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın temel kaygısı, park deneyimlerini ele alan mevcut literatürle karşılaştırıldığında park kullanıcılarının deneyimlerine ilişkin daha derin bir anlayış elde etmektir. Bu araştırmaya olan ihtiyacın altını çizen şey, insan, doğa ve fiziksel çevre arasındaki mevcut kopukluktur. Kullanılan yöntem tanımlayıcı ve analitiktir ve bir anket aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anket soruları fiziksel, bilişsel ve davranışsal etkiler olmak üzere üç bileşene ayrılmıştır. Konya Kyoto Parkı'nın kullanıcıları araştırma popülasyonu olarak seçilmiştir. Ayrıca yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, parkın farklı alanlarının, ziyaretçilere zaman geçirmelerine ve doğada olmalarına olanak tanıyan manzaralar, perspektifler ve çeşitli işlevler sunarak dinlendirici deneyimler, zihinsel ve duygusal rahatlama sağladığını göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğa Fiziksel çevre Konya Kyoto Park Zihinsel rahatlama

Kaynakça

  • Bornioli, A., & Subiza-Perez, M. (2023). Restorative Urban Environments for Healthy Cities: A Theoretical Model for the Study of Restorative Experiences in Urban Built Settings. Landscape Research, 48(1), 152-163. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/01426397.2022.2124962
  • Callaghan, A., McCombe, G., Harrold, A., McMeel, C., Mills, G., Moore-Cherry, N., & Cullen, W. (2021). The Impact of Green Spaces on Mental Health in Urban Settings: A Scoping Review. Journal of Mental Health, 30(2), 179-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1755027
  • Carlson, A. (2011). Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature and Environmentalism. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplements, 69, 137-155. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1358246111000257
  • Chen, C., Luo, W., Li, H., Zhang, D., Kang, N., Yang, X., & Xia, Y. (2020). Impact of Perception of Green Space for Health Promotion on Willingness to Use Parks and Actual Use among Young Urban Residents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15),1-21. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph1715556056
  • Cooley, S. J., Jones, C. R., Kurtz, A., & Robertson, N. (2020). ‘Into the Wild’: A Meta-Synthesis of Talking Therapy in Natural Outdoor Spaces, Clinical Psychology Review, 77, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101841
  • Cooley, S. J., Jones, C.R., Moss, D., & Robertson, N. (2022). Organizational Perspectives on Outdoor Talking Therapy: Towards A Position of ‘Environmental Safe Uncertainty’. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(1),132-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12315
  • Corral-Verdugo, V., Vazguez, F. I. G., Tapia, C., & Fraijo-Sing, B. (2012). Sustainable Behaviors and Perceived Psychological Restoration. Acta de Investigación Psicológica, 2(2), 749-764, https://doi.org/ 10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2012.2.186
  • DeLauer, V., McGill-O'Rourke, A., Hayes, T., Haluch, A., Gordon, C., Crane, J., Kossakowski, D., Dillon, C., Thibeault, N., & Schofield, D. (2022). The Impact of Natural Environments and Biophilic Design as Supportive and Nurturing Spaces on a Residential College Campus. Cogent Social Science, 8(1). 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.2000570
  • Fernandes, A., Krog, N. H. McEachan, R., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Julvez, J., Márquez, S., de Castro, M., Urquiza, J., Heude, B., Vafeiadi, M., Gražulevičienė, R., Slama, R. Dedele, A., & Aasvang, G. M., Evandt, J., Andrusaityte, S., Kampouri, M., & Vrijheid, M. (2023). Availability, Accessibility, and Use of Green Spaces and Cognitive Development in Primary School Children, Environmental Pollution, 334, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122143
  • Gaekwad, J. S., Moslehian, A. S., Roos, F. B., & Walker, A. (2022). A Meta-Analysis of Emotional Evidence for the Biophilia Hypothesis and Implications for Biophilic Design. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.750245
  • Gozalo, G. R., Morillas, J, M, B., Montes González, D. (2019). Perceptions and Use of Urban Green Spaces on the Basis of Size. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 46(4), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126470
  • Grassini, S., Revonsuo, A., Castellotti, S., Petrizzo, I., Benedetti, V., & Koivisto, M. (2019). Processing of Natural Scenery is Associated with Lower Attentional and Cognitive Load Compared with Urban Ones. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 62, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.01.007
  • Green, J., Huberty, J., Puzia, M., & Stecher, C. (2021). The Effect of Meditation and Physical Activity on the Mental Health Impact of COVID-19–Related Stress and Attention to News Among Mobile App Users in the United States: Cross-sectional Survey. JMIR Mental Health, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.2196/28479
  • Hartig, T., Kaiser, F. G., & Bowler, P. (2001). Psychological Restoration in Nature as a Positive Motivation for Ecological Behavior. Environment and Behavior, 33(4), 590-607. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139160121973142
  • Hoyle, H. (2022). Perceptions of Colour, Form and Amenity in Green Spaces. Journal of Urban Design, 162, 1-6. https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/9492858
  • Jabbar, M., Yusoff, M.M. & Shafie, A. (2022). Assessing the Role of Urban Green Spaces for Human Well-Being: A Systematic Review. GeoJournal, 87, 4405–4423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-021-10474-7
  • Jimenez, M.P., DeVille, N.V., Elliott, E.G., Schiff, J.E., Wilt, G.E., Hart, J.E., & James, P. (2021). Associations between Nature Exposure and Health: A Review of the Evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9). 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094790
  • Jo, H., Song, C., Miyazaki, Y. (2019). Physiological Benefits of Viewing Nature: A Systematic Review of Indoor Experiments. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health, 16(23), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234739
  • Kodali, H. P., Ferris, E. B., Wyka, K., Evenson, K. R., Dorn, J. M., Thorpe, L. E., & Huang, T. T.-K. (2023). The Association of Park Use and Park Perception with Quality of Life Using Structural Equation Modeling. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1038288
  • Lee, K.O., Mai, K.M. & Park, S. (2023). Green Space Accessibility Helps Buffer Declined Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Big Aata in the United Kingdom. Nature Mental Health 1, 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-023-00018-y
  • Lin, W., Chen, Q., Jiang, M., Zhang, X., Liu, Z., Tao, J., Wu, L., Xu, S., Kang, Y., & Zeng, Q. (2019). The Effect of Green Space Behaviour and Per Capita Area in Small Urban Green Spaces on Psychophysiological Responses. Landscape and Urban Planning, 192, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103637
  • Lindemann-Matthies, P., & Matthies, D. (2018). The Influence of Plant Species Richness on Stress Recovery of Humans, Web Ecology, 18, 121–128. https://doi.org/10.5194/we-18-121-2018
  • Liu, H., Nong, H., Ren, H., & Liu, K. (2022). The Effect of Nature Exposure, Nature Connectedness on Mental Well-Being and Ill-Being in A General Chinese Population. Landscape and Urban Planning, 222. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104397
  • Liu, J., Wang, Y., Zimmer, C., Kang, J., & Yu, T. (2019). Factors Associated with Soundscape Experiences in Urban Green Spaces: A Case Study in Rostock, Germany. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 37, 135-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.11.003
  • Moulay, A., Ujang, N., & Said, I. (2017). Legibility of Neighborhood Parks as A Predicator for Enhanced Social Interaction Towards Social Sustainability. Cities, 61, 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.11.007
  • Olszewska-Guizzo, A., Sia, A., Fogel, A., & Ho, R. (2022). Features of Urban Green Spaces Associated with Positive Emotions, Mindfulness and Relaxation. Scientific Reports, 12, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24637-0
  • Saint-Onge, K., Coulombe, S., Philibert, M., Wiesztort, L., & Houle, J. (2022). How Urban Parks Nurture Eudaimonic and Hedonic Wellbeing: An Explorative Large Scale Qualitative Study in Québec, Canada. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 3. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2022.100095
  • Sati, Y. C., Joshua, J. O. (2015). Perception of Green Space as Element of ArchitectureComposition of Solomon Lar Amusement Park Jos, Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies, 2(8), 72-80.
  • Staats, H., Jahncke, H., Herzog, T. R., & Hartig, T. (2016). Urban Options for Psychological Restoration: Common Strategies in Everyday Situations. PLOS ONE, 11(1): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146213
  • Tsekos, C. A., & Petsiou, T. (2018). Environment and Philosophy: The Aesthetics and the Natural Environment. Voice of the Publisher, 4, 13-21. https://doi.org/10.4236/vp.2018.42002
  • Ujang, N., Moulay, A., Ahmad, N, Maulan, S., & Abu Bakar, N. A. (2018). Interrelation Between Legibility Attributes and Park Utilization as Determinants for Responsive Neighborhood Parks. International Journal of Architectura, 12(2), 40-56. https://doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i2.1567
  • Xie, X., Cai, J., Fang, H., Tang, X., & Yamanaka, T. (2022). Effects of Colored Lights On An Individual’s Affective Impressions in the Observation Process. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.938636
  • Yang, B. Y., Zhao, T., Hu, L. X., Browning, M. H. E. M., Heinrich, J., Dharmage, S. C., Jalaludin, B., Knibbs, L. D., Liu, X. X., Luo, Y. N., James, P., Li, S., Huang, W. Z., Chen, G., Zeng, X. W., Hu, L. W., Yu, Y., & Dong, G. H. (2021). Greenspace and Human Health: An Umbrella Review. The Innovation (Camb), 2(28), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100164.
  • Zhong, W., Schroder, T., & Bekkering, J. (2022). Biophilic Design in Architecture and Its Contributions to Health, Well-Being, and Sustainability: A Critical Review. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 11(1), 114-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2021.07.006
  • Zhou. Y., Dai, P., Zhao, Z., Hao, C., & Wen, Y. (2022). The Influence of Urban Green Space Soundscape on the Changes of Citizens’ Emotion: A Case Study of Beijing Urban Parks. Forests, 13(11), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13111928.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yeşil Yapılar ve Çevreler
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Navid Khaleghımoghaddam 0000-0003-2505-207X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Şubat 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 2 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Khaleghımoghaddam, N. (2024). The Role of Nature and Physical Environment in Mental Relaxation: Konya Kyoto Park. Artium, 12(1), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.51664/artium.1379482
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