Öz
One of the main goals in sustainable
school design is to get more value from daylight. When using natural light, the
need for artificial lighting is minimized and the success of students in the
learning environment is maintained. In this context, the purpose of this study
is to identify the methods used to support the use of daylight in schools
designed in accordance with the principles of sustainability. As part of the
study, solutions were considered to increase daylight consumption in school
samples, designed to ensure sustainability as part of “providing daylight,
controlling daylight, and supporting natural light”. In the studied samples,
the receiving of natural light is provided in various ways, glazing in the
south wall, using windows at the height of the floor, openings on top of the
room and in some cases combining these strategies. The goal of supporting
natural lighting is to effectively determine the shape of buildings. Textile
layers, daylight sensitive louvre systems are used in protection against
daylight, and energy consumption is significantly reduced. Light shelves that
direct light inwards and the reflective properties of water surfaces are used
to support daylight. When designing school buildings, attention should be paid
to evaluating the approaches mentioned in accordance with the objective of
supporting the production of natural light.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sustainable schools daylighting in schools daylighting systems
Kaynakça
- Anonim, 2007. Sustainable lighting for schools, LITECONTROL, U.S.A. [online]: (http://www.bostonlightsource.com/stuff/contentmgr/files/1/384c5474b07aaef06ac41cc7c6acd43d/pdf/litecontrol_schools_brochure.pdf)
- Babalis, D. 2006. Ecopolis: Conceptualising and Defining Sustainable Design, İtaly, Alinea editrice. ss.145-150
- Baker, N., Steemers, K. 2014. Daylight design of buildings: a handbook for architects and engineers, Abingdon: Routledge. ss.116-170
- Baker, L. 2012. A History of School Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today. Washington: National Institute of Building Sciences, ss. 15-20
- Barch, W. 2003. A review of the development of daylighting in schools. Lighting Research & Technology. Scientific journal , 35,2 ss.111–125. Boubekri, M. A. 2004. Overview of the current state of daylight legislation, Journal of the Human- Environmental System. Vol. 7; No. 2. ss. 57-63
- Boubekri, M. 2015. Lighting design. M. Dudek (Ed.), Schools and kindergartens: A Design manual, ss.34-39. Basel: Birkhauser.
- Brown, G., Dekay, M. 2014. Sun, Wind & Light, Architectural Design Strategies, Bennett S. (Ed.) ss. 222-225. Canada: Wiley
- Castaldi, B. 1969. Creative planning of educational facilities. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally & Co. s.194
- Care, L. 2015. Nature, ecology and environmental design. P. Chiles (Ed.) Building Schools, Key Issues for Contemporary Design ss. 49-69. Basel: Birkhauser.
- Costanzo V., Evola G. & Marletta L., 13 May, 2017. A review of daylighting strategies in schools: state of the art and expected future trends Buildings MDPI. ss.7-41, Basel: Switzerland
- CIBSE (2002), Code for lighting, Oxford, Butterworth- Heinemann.
- Chatelet, A. M. 2008. A Breath of Fresh Air: Open-Air Schools in Europe, Gutman M (ed.). Designing Modern Childhoods: History, Space, and the Material Culture of Children. ss. 107–127. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
- Department of the Environment, HSMO (1971), Sunlight and daylight planning criteria and design of buildings. HSMO, London.
- Davis, J. M. 2010. What is Early Childhood Education for Sustainability. J. M. Davis (Ed.). In Young Children and the Environment, Early Education for Sustainability (ss. 21-41). New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Erlalelitepe İ, 2011. Eğitim yapılarının doğal aydınlatma performansı açısından incelenmesi. MEGARON, Cilt.6(1) ss. 39-51
- Hordijk T.B, Groot, E. 2010. Lighting in schools, The Netherlands. Article:[online] (https://docplayer.net/) Er:20.04.2019
- Kwok, A. G, Grondzik, W. 2011. The Green Studio Handbook: Environmental Strategies for Schematic Design. ss.81-86
- Kjærvang U, 2006. Power of Aesthetics to Improve Student Learning View From Denmark: Re-Imagining Spaces of Learning. [online] (http://www.designshare.com/index.php/articles/aesthetics-and-learning/) Er: 19.04.2019
- Michaelidou, K. 2012. Natural light in learning environments. University of Nicosia Department of Architecture, Thesis. ss.4-6 .
- Murphy, C., Thorne, A. 2010. Health and Productivity Benefits of Sustainable Schools: A Review. Watford: BRE Press.
- Nair, P., Fielding, R. 2007. The Language of School Design, Design Patterns for 21st Century Schools. Minneapolis: Designshare.
- Norwegian Green Building Council and BRE Global, 2012. BNV. New Construction – Technical Manual, (SD 5066A: ISSUE 1.1) s.397.
- Phillips, D. 2004. Natural light in architecture. Oxford. ss.66-114-141. Burlington: Architectural Press.
- Ruck, N., Aschehoug, O., Aydınlı, S. 2000. Daylight in Buildings, a source book on daylighting systems and components, Christoffersen J. (Ed.) ss.2-20;4-26. USA: ECBCS Annex.
- Reinhart, C.F., Mardaljevic, J. 2006. Dynamic daylight performance metrics for sustainable building design, Canada: LEUKOS ss. 7–31
- Raynham P, 2012. CIBSE Lighting Guide 5: Lighting in Education. Presentation,[online] (pp.1-35.)
- Shyr, W. 2007. A photovoltaic systems laboratory activity plan for Taiwanese senior high schools,”Journal of the World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education (WTE&TE) Vol.6, No.1, ss. 185-188
- Tatar, E. 2013. Sürdürülebilir mimarlık kapsamında çalışma mekanlarında gün ışığı kullanımı için bir öneri, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Eskişehir. ss.1-18
- Winterbottom, M., Wilkins, A. 2009. Lighting and discomfort in the classroom, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29: ss. 63-75.
- Wymelenberg, K., Mahic, A. 2016. Annual daylighting metrics, explained. Article, [online] https://www.archlighting.com/technology/annual-daylighting-performance-metrics-explained_o) Erişim:16.04.2019
- Yudelson, J. 2007. Green Building A to Z: Understanding the Language of Green Building. Gabriola, B.C: New Society Publishers.
- Zomorodian, Z. S., Korsavi, S., Tahsildoost, M. 2016. The effect of window configuration on daylight performance in classrooms: A field and simulation study. İran: International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development,26(1): ss.15-24
- http://www.designshare.com/index.php/articles/aesthetics-and-learning/, 2019
- https://www.white-design.com/files/9013/8666/6795/White_Design_Dartington_CE_School11.jpg;2019
- https://greenbyjohn.com/liter-of-light-visits-green-school/2019
- https://www.designboom.com/architecture/ecosistema-urbano-ecopolis-plaza/2019
- https://www.archdaily.com/111143/ecopolis-plaza-ecosistema-urbano/,2019
- https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-38159690/2019
- http://architypereview.com/project/postfossil-ecowoodbox-kindergarten/, 2019
- https://www.levolux.com/tag/rednock-school/, 2019
- http://www.breeam.org,2019
- http://www. usgbc.org/leed,2019
- https://www.comnet.org/35-building-envelope-data, 2019
Öz
Sürdürülebilir okul tasarımındaki temel amaçlardan biri gün
ışığından daha fazla yararlanılmasıdır. Gün ışığının kullanımıyla, yapay aydınlatma
gereksinimi en aza düşürülmekte ve öğrenme ortamında öğrencilerin başarısı desteklenmektedir.
Bu bağlamda çalışmada, son yıllarda sürdürülebilirlik ilkeleri doğrultusunda
tasarlanmış okullarda gün ışığı alımını desteklemek için yararlanılan
yöntemleri tanımlayabilmek amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında sürdürülebilir
okul örneklerinde gün ışığı alımının arttırılmasına yönelik çözümler “gün
ışığının alımında olanaklar, gün ışığının kontrolü ve desteklenmesi” konuları
kapsamında incelenmektedir. Değerlendirilen örneklerde gün ışığı alımı, güney
yönünde geniş açıklıklar, kat yüksekliğinde pencereler ve tepe ışığı sağlayan açıklıklar
birlikte kullanılarak sağlanmaktadır. Gün ışığı alımının desteklenmesi amacı
bina formunun belirlenmesinde de etkili olmaktadır. Gün ışığından korunmada
ışığa duyarlı hareket eden tekstil katmanlar, panjur sistemleri kullanılmakta
ve enerji tüketimi büyük ölçüde düşürülmektedir. Gün ışığı alımının
desteklenmesinde ışığı iç mekâna yönlendiren ışık raflarından ve su
yüzeylerinin yansıtıcı özelliğinden yararlanılmaktadır. Okul binaları
tasarımında, gün ışığından yararlanılması hedefi doğrultusunda belirtilen yöntemlerin
bütüncül bir yaklaşımla değerlendirilmesine önem verilmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sürdürülebilir eğitim binaları doğal aydınlatma okullarda gün ışığı sistemleri
Kaynakça
- Anonim, 2007. Sustainable lighting for schools, LITECONTROL, U.S.A. [online]: (http://www.bostonlightsource.com/stuff/contentmgr/files/1/384c5474b07aaef06ac41cc7c6acd43d/pdf/litecontrol_schools_brochure.pdf)
- Babalis, D. 2006. Ecopolis: Conceptualising and Defining Sustainable Design, İtaly, Alinea editrice. ss.145-150
- Baker, N., Steemers, K. 2014. Daylight design of buildings: a handbook for architects and engineers, Abingdon: Routledge. ss.116-170
- Baker, L. 2012. A History of School Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today. Washington: National Institute of Building Sciences, ss. 15-20
- Barch, W. 2003. A review of the development of daylighting in schools. Lighting Research & Technology. Scientific journal , 35,2 ss.111–125. Boubekri, M. A. 2004. Overview of the current state of daylight legislation, Journal of the Human- Environmental System. Vol. 7; No. 2. ss. 57-63
- Boubekri, M. 2015. Lighting design. M. Dudek (Ed.), Schools and kindergartens: A Design manual, ss.34-39. Basel: Birkhauser.
- Brown, G., Dekay, M. 2014. Sun, Wind & Light, Architectural Design Strategies, Bennett S. (Ed.) ss. 222-225. Canada: Wiley
- Castaldi, B. 1969. Creative planning of educational facilities. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally & Co. s.194
- Care, L. 2015. Nature, ecology and environmental design. P. Chiles (Ed.) Building Schools, Key Issues for Contemporary Design ss. 49-69. Basel: Birkhauser.
- Costanzo V., Evola G. & Marletta L., 13 May, 2017. A review of daylighting strategies in schools: state of the art and expected future trends Buildings MDPI. ss.7-41, Basel: Switzerland
- CIBSE (2002), Code for lighting, Oxford, Butterworth- Heinemann.
- Chatelet, A. M. 2008. A Breath of Fresh Air: Open-Air Schools in Europe, Gutman M (ed.). Designing Modern Childhoods: History, Space, and the Material Culture of Children. ss. 107–127. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
- Department of the Environment, HSMO (1971), Sunlight and daylight planning criteria and design of buildings. HSMO, London.
- Davis, J. M. 2010. What is Early Childhood Education for Sustainability. J. M. Davis (Ed.). In Young Children and the Environment, Early Education for Sustainability (ss. 21-41). New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Erlalelitepe İ, 2011. Eğitim yapılarının doğal aydınlatma performansı açısından incelenmesi. MEGARON, Cilt.6(1) ss. 39-51
- Hordijk T.B, Groot, E. 2010. Lighting in schools, The Netherlands. Article:[online] (https://docplayer.net/) Er:20.04.2019
- Kwok, A. G, Grondzik, W. 2011. The Green Studio Handbook: Environmental Strategies for Schematic Design. ss.81-86
- Kjærvang U, 2006. Power of Aesthetics to Improve Student Learning View From Denmark: Re-Imagining Spaces of Learning. [online] (http://www.designshare.com/index.php/articles/aesthetics-and-learning/) Er: 19.04.2019
- Michaelidou, K. 2012. Natural light in learning environments. University of Nicosia Department of Architecture, Thesis. ss.4-6 .
- Murphy, C., Thorne, A. 2010. Health and Productivity Benefits of Sustainable Schools: A Review. Watford: BRE Press.
- Nair, P., Fielding, R. 2007. The Language of School Design, Design Patterns for 21st Century Schools. Minneapolis: Designshare.
- Norwegian Green Building Council and BRE Global, 2012. BNV. New Construction – Technical Manual, (SD 5066A: ISSUE 1.1) s.397.
- Phillips, D. 2004. Natural light in architecture. Oxford. ss.66-114-141. Burlington: Architectural Press.
- Ruck, N., Aschehoug, O., Aydınlı, S. 2000. Daylight in Buildings, a source book on daylighting systems and components, Christoffersen J. (Ed.) ss.2-20;4-26. USA: ECBCS Annex.
- Reinhart, C.F., Mardaljevic, J. 2006. Dynamic daylight performance metrics for sustainable building design, Canada: LEUKOS ss. 7–31
- Raynham P, 2012. CIBSE Lighting Guide 5: Lighting in Education. Presentation,[online] (pp.1-35.)
- Shyr, W. 2007. A photovoltaic systems laboratory activity plan for Taiwanese senior high schools,”Journal of the World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education (WTE&TE) Vol.6, No.1, ss. 185-188
- Tatar, E. 2013. Sürdürülebilir mimarlık kapsamında çalışma mekanlarında gün ışığı kullanımı için bir öneri, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Eskişehir. ss.1-18
- Winterbottom, M., Wilkins, A. 2009. Lighting and discomfort in the classroom, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29: ss. 63-75.
- Wymelenberg, K., Mahic, A. 2016. Annual daylighting metrics, explained. Article, [online] https://www.archlighting.com/technology/annual-daylighting-performance-metrics-explained_o) Erişim:16.04.2019
- Yudelson, J. 2007. Green Building A to Z: Understanding the Language of Green Building. Gabriola, B.C: New Society Publishers.
- Zomorodian, Z. S., Korsavi, S., Tahsildoost, M. 2016. The effect of window configuration on daylight performance in classrooms: A field and simulation study. İran: International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development,26(1): ss.15-24
- http://www.designshare.com/index.php/articles/aesthetics-and-learning/, 2019
- https://www.white-design.com/files/9013/8666/6795/White_Design_Dartington_CE_School11.jpg;2019
- https://greenbyjohn.com/liter-of-light-visits-green-school/2019
- https://www.designboom.com/architecture/ecosistema-urbano-ecopolis-plaza/2019
- https://www.archdaily.com/111143/ecopolis-plaza-ecosistema-urbano/,2019
- https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-38159690/2019
- http://architypereview.com/project/postfossil-ecowoodbox-kindergarten/, 2019
- https://www.levolux.com/tag/rednock-school/, 2019
- http://www.breeam.org,2019
- http://www. usgbc.org/leed,2019
- https://www.comnet.org/35-building-envelope-data, 2019
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mimarlık |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Şubat 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 18 Kasım 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 |
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